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Antibody evolution in vivo proceeds mainly by stepwise improvements, accomplished by single base pair substitutions. Lately, receptor revision, i.e. exchange of large parts of the V gene for another sequence, has been suggested to provide a complementary route for affinity maturation. By employing a receptor revision like evolution process in vitro using combinatorial libraries and phage display s
The role of photosynthetic pigments in the development of separation methods in biochemistry during the period 1900-1980 is described beginning with M. Tswett who introduced separation of chlorophylls and carotenoids on columns and coined the term chromatography in 1906. In Uppsala, T. Svedberg developed the ultracentrifuge in the 1920s. A. Tiselius improved electrophoresis in the 1930s and develo
This thesis explores the relationship between domestic political processes and interindustry variations in unilateral and multilateral trade policies. The literature on endogenous protection is extended to account for the potential importance of information flows, to explore the consequences of adapting the analyses to political systems which differ from the American kind, and to build a framework
The photoinduced excited-state processes in 1,1'-diethyl-2,2'-cyanine iodine are investigated using femtosecond time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy. Using a broad range of probe wavelengths, the relaxation of the initially prepared excited-state wavepacket can be followed down to the sink region. The data directly visualize the directed downhill motion along the torsional reaction coordinate and
A new PCR kit (AMPLICOR CT/NG; Roche Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Branchburg, N.J.) was used as a screening tool for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in first-void urine (FVU) specimens from 3,340 asymptomatic women attending European health care units for contraceptive advice or pregnancy termination. All samples were kept frozen (-20 degrees C) prior to testing. Chla
The release of two compositionally different solutes from a composite gel composed of two different populations of microgel particles embedded in a single bulk gel matrix is described, showing the potential of the "plum-pudding gel" as a multifunctional platform for controlled surface release. One hydrophobic solute (pyrene) and one hydrophobic and charged solute (rhodamine 123) were chosen as the
In this review, we discuss recent advances in biophysical virology, presenting experimental and theoretical studies on the physical properties of viruses. We focus on the double-stranded (ds) DNA bacteriophages as model systems for all of the dsDNA viruses both prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Recent studies demonstrate that the DNA packaged into a viral capsid is highly pressurized, which provides a f
I denna studie insisterar vi över en ny experimentell innovativ idé, nämligen ”live interaktion” via webbkamera. Vi ger, därmed, vår lösning till en bättre och tätare feedback med en hög grad av flexibilitet. Vi jämför våra resultat med campusutbildning.
BACKGROUND: Prolyl Endopeptidase (PEP, EC 3.4.21.26), a cytosolic endopeptidase, hydrolyses peptide bonds on the carboxyl side of proline residue in proteins with a relatively small molecular weight. It has been shown that altered PEP activity is associated with various psychological diseases such as schizophrenia, mania and depression. Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are neuropsychiatric and be
Popular Abstract in Swedish I min avhandling studerar jag Folke Isakssons lyriska författarskap. Jag försöker visa hur han använder sig av platsskildringar, landskapsbilder och naturelement för att framställa ett själstillstånd. Genom att inte göra en sträng uppdelning mellan yttre och inre, mellan plats och själ, åstadkommer Isaksson en speciell poetisk effekt. De platser han skildrar i sin lyrikMy study focuses on the analysis of single poems chosen as paradigmatic of Fole Isaksson's style and poetic vision. This approach is grounded in the belief that there is a certain thematic unity to Isaksson's lyric output, a unity which stems from the poet's constant preoccupation with the relations between the speaker of a poem and external nature, i.e. the place or landscape in or before which t
Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is a group of uncured retinal diseases with the world wide incidence of about 1/3500. In spite of the huge efforts in past years, the mechanisms underlying this type of hereditary blindness has not been elucidated and nor any effective treatment available. The rd1 mouse strain carries a mutation in ?-subunit of phosphodiesterase gene which hydrolyzes the cGMP and is need
We compare magnetism in two artificial lattice structures, a quantum dot array formed in a two-dimensional electron gas and an optical lattice loaded with repulsive, contact-interacting fermionic atoms. When the tunneling between the lattice sites is strong, both lattices are non-magnetic. With reduced tunneling in the tight-binding limit, the shell-filling of the single-site quantum wells combine
This article deals with the question of heteronormativity, or more precisely, how heteronormativity pertains to the reception of the Swedish film by Lukas Moodysson, Show Me Love (Fucking Åmål).
Digital systems are integrated in our environment and have become a natural part of our every day life. As we rely more on these systems our expectations on them increases. We expect them to perform new tasks, communicate and cooperate. The complexity of these systems are increasing. The increasing complexity and the requirement for flexibility, which allows the system to adapt and evolve over tim
The reduced form of vitamin C, ascorbic acid, is well known for its function as an antioxidant and as a protective agent against scurvy. However, many recent studies indicate other functions for vitamin C in mammalian cells. Novel findings provide possible explanations for observed beneficial effects of a high intake of vitamin C on cell growth, gene transcription, host resistance to infection, up
