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Why do innovators not apply for trademarks? The role of information asymmetries and collaborative innovation

This paper analyses the underlying reasons why innovators do not apply for trademarks for all of their valuable inventions. Using a unique database of UK innovations linked to innovative firms, the empirical analysis highlights the many ways that firms can alleviate information asymmetries and the constraints imposed by collaborative innovation without taking recourse to trademarks. When informati

Investigating optimal β-cell-preserving treatment in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults : Results from a 21-month randomized trial

Aims: To compare outcomes of glucagon-stimulated C-peptide tests (GSCTs) in people with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) after a 21-month intervention with either insulin or the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin. Research design and methods: We included 64 glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody-positive individuals, who were diagnosed with diabetes

Measuring plasma C4D to monitor immune complexes in lupus nephritis

Objective Because currently available assays that measure circulating immune complexes (ICx) are suboptimal, a novel assay was recently developed measuring C4d, a stable product of activation of the classical complement pathway. The present study aimed to establish the value of measuring plasma C4d levels in a longitudinal cohort of patients with severe refractory SLE who were treated with a combi

Primary surgery to prevent hip dislocation in children with cerebral palsy in Sweden : a minimum 5-year follow-up by the national surveillance program (CPUP)

Background and purpose — Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have an increased risk of hip dislocation. Outcome studies after surgery to prevent hip dislocation in children with CP are usually retrospective series from single tertiary referral centers. According to the national CP surveillance program in Sweden (CPUP), hip surgery should preferably be performed at an early age to prevent hip disloca

A dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonist inhibits pain behavior and reduces cartilage pathology in an osteoarthritis rat model

Objectives: Pain and disability are the main clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis, for which only symptomatic therapies are available. Hence, there is a need for therapies that can simultaneously alter disease progression and provide pain relief. KBP is a dual amylin- and calcitonin-receptor agonist with antiresorptive and chondroprotective properties. In this study we investigated the effect

Aquatic environment monitoring using a drone-based fluorosensor

A drone-based system for monitoring of laser-induced fluorescence from the aquatic environment was constructed. Fixed-range remote-sensing demonstration measurements were performed, and field recordings of natural river water fluorescence, oil-slicks as well as dye-marked natural water volumes were taken at drone flying heights of about 10 m. Our fluorosensor, weighing only 1.5 kg, and carried by

Whole-genome sequencing based on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded endomyocardial biopsies for genetic studies on outcomes after heart transplantation

Background Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of heart transplant recipient- and donor-derived cardiac biopsies may facilitate organ matching, graft failure prediction, and immunotolerance research. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of WGS based on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded endomyocardial biopsies. Methods and results The study included serial donor- and recipient samp

Practical management in Wolcott-Rallison syndrome with associated hypothyroidism, neutropenia, and recurrent liver failure : A case report

Wolcott-Rallison syndrome is a rare genetic syndrome of neonatal diabetes, liver failure, and growth retardation. We present a case with a EIF2AK3 p.(Arg902Ter) mutation, additionally complicated by hypothyroidism, impaired renal function, and exocrine pancreas insufficiency, focusing on clinical management. For its optimization, thorough care of multiple organ systems is needed.

Randomized clinical trial comparing total extraperitoneal with Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair (TEPLICH trial)

Background: Chronic pain is reported after 10–35 per cent of inguinal hernia operations. The aim was to compare quality of life (QoL) after total extraperitoneal (TEP) and Lichtenstein hernia repairs in the setting of an RCT with operations performed by department-certified hernia surgeons. Methods: Men aged 30–75 years with an ASA grade I–II primary inguinal hernia were randomized to TEP or Licht

The additive effect of allopregnanolone on ghrelin's orexigenic effect in rats

The progesterone metabolite, allopregnanolone (AlloP), is a GABAA receptor modulating steroid and is known to have orexigenic and pro-obesity effects. The neurobiological mechanisms underpinning these effects are most likely due to enhanced GABAergic signaling in the lateral arcuate nucleus (ARC) and medial paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. Inspired by the finding that GABAergic s

Averaging and the shape of the correlation function

A brief pedagogical introduction to correlation femtoscopy is given. We then focus on the shape of the correlation function and discuss the possible reasons for its departure from the Gaussian form and better reproduction with a Lévy stable distribution. With the help of Monte Carlo simulations based on asymmetric extension of the Blast-Wave model with resonances we demonstrate possible influence

Mechanical chest compressions for cardiac arrest in the cath-lab : When is it enough and who should go to extracorporeal cardio pulmonary resuscitation?

Background: Treating patients in cardiac arrest (CA) with mechanical chest compressions (MCC) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is now routine in many coronary catheterization laboratories (cath-lab) and more aggressive treatment modalities, including extracorporeal CPR are becoming more common. The cath-lab setting enables monitoring of vital physiological parameters and other clini

Oral corticosteroid use, morbidity and mortality in asthma : A nationwide prospective cohort study in Sweden

Background: Patterns and determinants of long-term oral corticosteroid (OCS) use in asthma and related morbidity and mortality are not well-described. In a nationwide asthma cohort in Sweden, we evaluated the patterns and determinants of OCS use and risks of OCS-related morbidities and mortality. Methods: Data for 217 993 asthma patients (aged ≥ 6 years) in secondary care were identified between 2

A faster hafnian formula for complex matrices and its benchmarking on a supercomputer

We introduce new and simple algorithms for the calculation of the number of perfect matchings of complex weighted, undirected graphs with and without loops. Our compact formulas for the hafnian and loop hafnian of n × n complex matrices run in O(n32n/2) time, are embarrassingly parallelizable and, to the best of our knowledge, are the fastest exact algorithms to compute these quantities. Despite o

A new perspective for advanced positron emission tomography–based molecular imaging in neurodegenerative proteinopathies

Recent studies in neurodegenerative conditions have increasingly highlighted that the same neuropathology can trigger different clinical phenotypes or, vice-versa, that similar phenotypes can be triggered by different neuropathologies. This evidence has called for the adoption of a pathology spectrum-based approach to study neurodegenerative proteinopathies. These conditions share brain deposition

Designing motivating interactive balance and walking training for stroke survivors

In the ActivAbles and STARR projects we are developing interactive training tools for stroke survivors. Our initial user studies pointed to balance being a key ability, therefore one of the developed tools is an interactive balance pad. Equipment exists for persons with good balance (eg. Wii), but most consumer games and exercises are less suited for many stroke survivors. The development process

Isolation of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Southeast Asian and African Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Children with Suspected Tuberculosis

We enrolled 427 human immunodeficiency virus-infected children (median age, 7.3 years), 59.2% severely immunodeficient, with suspected tuberculosis in Southeast Asian and African settings. Nontuberculous mycobacteria were isolated in 46 children (10.8%); 45.7% of isolates were Mycobacterium avium complex. Southeast Asian origin, age 5-9 years, and severe immunodeficiency were independently associa

Instrumented platform for assessment of isometric hand muscles contractions

Measurement of forces exerted by a human hand while performing common gestures is a highly valuable task for assessment of neurorehabilitation and neurological disorders, but also, for control of movement that could be directly transferred to assistive devices. Even though accurate and selective multi-joint measurement of hand forces is desirable in both clinical and research applications there is

Aortic effects of thyroid hormone in male mice

It is well established that thyroid hormones are required for cardiovascular functions; however, the molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood, especially the individual contributions of genomic and non-genomic signalling pathways. In this study, we dissected how thyroid hormones modulate aortic contractility. To test the immediate effects of thyroid hormones on vasocontractility, we use