Monte Carlo programs, like the SIMIND program, have become increasingly used to simulate imaging systems like the scintillation camera and SPECT systems. Up to now, it has not been able to simulate a pinhole-imaging device with SIMIND. The aim of this work was to develop a routine for pinhole-imaging consisting of a knife-edge collimator and a conical shielding. The routine tracks the path of each

For the evaluation of the imaging properties of medical radiographic systems there are well-established standards for measuring techniques available, e.g. ISO 9236 for the measurement of the H/D curve. However, such measuring techniques require sophisticated equipment which is not available in a clinical environment. For a clinical routine of image evaluation, techniques like contrast-detail diagr

Thalli of Nephroma arcticum were transplanted between and within a high-elevation alpine heath (1100 m) and a low-elevation subalpine mountain birch forest (380 m) in northern Swedish Lapland and harvested after eight years. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between control samples for dark respiration rates, photon use efficiencies (apparent quantum yields) and light com

It is shown that the Mn 2p spectra of Mn atoms in Pd-Mn bimetallic surface systems formed on Pd(1 0 0) exhibit a satellite, separated 1 eV from the main line, in addition to the 5 eV satellite previously observed for Mn-containing compounds and surface alloys. The main line and the low-energy satellite are both assigned to 2p(5)3d(6) final states whereas the 5 eV satellite is associated with 2p(5)

A new approach to the design of time windows is presented for detection of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE). The windows are designed with reference to a minimum mean square error criterion involving the correlation properties of the ensemble of responses. Latency information is introduced in the detection process by windowing at different scales that result from wavelet decompositio

Gastric MUC5AC and MUC6 mucins were studied using polyclonal antibodies. Immunohistochemistry showed MUC5AC to originate from the surface epithelium, whereas MUC6 was produced by the glands. Mucins from the surface epithelium or glands of corpus and antrum were purified using CsCl/4M guanidinium chloride density-gradient centrifugation. MUC5AC appeared as two distinct populations at 1.4 and 1.3 g/

Excited states of nuclei in the vicinity of Sn-100 have been studied using: the EUROBALL detector array. Gamma-ray lines from Sn-103 have been identified for the first time, and a level scheme of low-lying excited states of Sn-103 has been established. New constraints on energies of single particle orbitals with respect to the Sn-100 core are obtained.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a sensitive method for detection of brain injury in preterm infants. Although the acute and chronic EEG changes are mainly non-specific regarding type of injury, they correlate with later neurological and cognitive function. In infants developing periventricular hemorrhagic or ischemic brain injury, acute EEG findings include depression of background activity and pr

Between 1991 and 1994 the number of beds in the surgical clinic at a central hospital in Southern Sweden was cut back by almost 50%. To develop the nursing care and to control the effects of the budgetary cuts, an intervention, including nursing care development, of an organization that would secure continuity in the nurse-patient relationship, individually planned care and quality assurance for a

BACKGROUND: Most staging systems for soft tissue sarcoma are based on histologic malignancy-grade, tumor size and tumor depth. These factors are generally dichotomized, size at 5 cm. We believe it is unlikely that tumor depth per se should influence a tumor's metastatic capability. Therefore we hypothesized that the unfavourable prognostic importance of depth could be explained by the close associ

Asthma-like symptoms and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) to methacholine are prevalent in competitive cross-country skiers. Whether these symptoms (ski asthma) in these athletes are caused by asthma remains uncertain. Bronchial responsiveness to adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) and nitric oxide (NO) concentration in exhaled air, both indirect markers of asthmatic airway inflammation, were inv