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Class II ribonucleotide reductases (RNR) catalyze the formation of an essential thiyl radical by homolytic cleavage of the Co-C bond in their adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) cofactor. Several mechanisms for the dramatic acceleration of Co-C bond cleavage in AdoCbl-dependent enzymes have been advanced, but no consensus yet exists. We present the structure of the class II RNR from Thermo toga maritima in
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals are well known environmental pollutants. Even though numerous studies have been carried out to assess human exposures to these compounds, there is still a lack of data on humans from developing countries, especially in underprivileged children. The objective of this study was to assess the exposure to POPs and heavy metals in children from Dhak
Background/Aims: The most devastating features of Alz-heimer's disease (AD) are often the behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD). There is controversy as to whether subcortical lesions contribute to BPSD. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between BPSD and subcortical lesions (white-matter lesions and lacunes) in AD. Methods: CT or MRI from 259 patients with
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a heterogenic non-Hodgkin lymphoma entity, with a median survival of about 5 years. In 2008 we reported the early based on the median observation time of 4 years results of the Nordic Lymphoma Group MCL2 study of frontline intensive induction immunochemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), with more than 60% event-free survival at 5 years, and no s
Background: Stereotactic functional neurosurgery on basal ganglia has a long history and the pioneers are mostly men. We aimed at finding out if there were women who have contributed pioneering work in this field. Methods: The literature was searched to identify women who have been first to publish innovative papers related to human basal ganglia surgery. Results: Six women fulfilling our criteria
Common swifts are specialist flyers spending most of their life aloft, including night-time periods when this species roosts on the wing. Nocturnal roosting is preceded by a vertical ascent in twilight conditions towards altitudes of up to 2.5 km, behaviour previously explained as flight altitude selection for sleeping. We examined the nocturnal flight behaviour of swifts, as uniquely identified b
Large eddy simulation of diesel spray in a constant volume vessel as well as in an internal combustion engine has been performed. Spray is modeled using Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. The modeling involves primary and secondary break-up, the spray-induced turbulence (SIT) and the stochastic turbulence dispersion (STD) of parcels. Including SIT, based on Baharawaj et al. (2009), in coarse grids, e.g
Subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (Apo) and intrajejunal levodopa infusion (IJLI) are two treatment options for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) and refractory motor complications, with varying cost of treatment. There are no multicenter studies comparing the effects of the two strategies. This open-label, prospective, observational, 6-month, multicenter study compared 43 patients o
Surface structures formed by exposing Ag(111) to atomic oxygen have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and density functional theory calculations. From the combination of the experimental and theoretical results, a model is proposed for the 0.5 ML oxygen coverage with a c(4 x 8) periodicity. Moreover, we find that a bulk-like Ag2O phase starts to form
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) causes acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Interleukin (IL)-17A is central for neutrophilic inflammation, and has been linked to COPD pathogenesis.
One way to cool gas turbine tips is to design serpentine passages with 180A degrees turns inside the blades to fully utilize the coolant potential. It is therefore a desire to improve the cooling of the blade tips to ensure a long durability and safe operation. In the present work, a two-pass channel with a 180A degrees turn and various arrays of pin-fins mounted internally on the tip-cap is consi
Nanowires are commonly used as tools for interfacing living cells, acting as biomolecule-delivery vectors or electrodes. It is generally assumed that the small size of the nanowires ensures a minimal cellular perturbation, yet the effects of nanowires on cell migration and proliferation remain largely unknown. Fibroblast behaviour on vertical nanowire arrays is investigated, and it is shown that c
The adsorption qualities of GaO4Al12(OH)(24)(H2O)(12)(7+), a polycation with epsilon-Keggin structure, and its stability in contact with anionic cellulosic materials, was investigated under different concentration and ionic strength conditions. The cellulosic materials employed were two different fully bleached fibre materials, carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC), and a spin-coated cellulose model sur
Substantial variation in milk coagulation properties has been observed among dairy cows. Consequently, raw milk from individual cows and breeds exhibits distinct coagulation capacities that potentially affect the technological properties and milk processing into cheese. This variation is largely influenced by protein composition, which is in turn affected by underlying genetic polymorphisms in the
Mice deficient in the zinc-sensor GPR39, which has been demonstrated to protect cells against endoplasmatic stress and cell death in vitro, display moderate glucose intolerance and impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion. Here, we use the Tet-On system under the control of the proinsulin promoter to selectively overexpress GPR39 in the beta cells in a double transgenic mouse strain and challeng
A collection of iminocoumarylmethyl glycoside derivatives have been prepared by copper-catalyzed multi-component reaction of carbohydrate propargyl derivatives, sulfonyl azides, and salicylaldehyde or o-hydroxy acetophenone. The method is simple, versatile to all three components, and exceptionally high yielding. The carbohydrate N-sulfonyl iminocoumarine hybrid molecules were evaluated for bindin
Background Optimum surgical resection margins for patients with clinical stage IIA-C cutaneous melanoma thicker than 2 mm are controversial. The aim of the study was to test whether survival was different for a wide local excision margin of 2 cm compared with a 4-cm excision margin. Methods We undertook a randomised controlled trial in nine European centres. Patients with cutaneous melanoma thicke
Mannan-Binding lectin (MBL) is a serum lectin and an important constituent of the innate immune system. Processes linked to the innate immune response have previously been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). MBL is associated with blood vessels in the brain and AD patients demonstrate lower MBL levels in the cerebrospinal fluid compared to controls. We investigated six single nucleotide polymo
