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Detecting shifts of transmission areas in avian blood parasites - a phylogenetic approach

We investigated the degree of geographical shifts of transmission areas of vector-borne avian blood parasites (Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon) over ecological and evolutionary timescales. Of 259 different parasite lineages obtained from 5886 screened birds sampled in Europe and Africa, only two lineages were confirmed to have current transmission in resident bird species in both geogra

Cerebral vasoconstriction after subarachnoid hemorrhage - Role of changes in vascular receptor phenotype

The pathological constriction of cerebral arteries known as cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is with a delay of 4 to 10 days linked to subarachnoid hemorrhage. Several agents have been suggested as being responsible; amongst these perhaps 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) are the most prominent given their ability to elicit powerful constriction of cerebral arteries. Investigating both 5-

Up-regulation of alpha(1)-microglobulin by hemoglobin and reactive oxygen species in hepatoma and blood cell lines.

alpha(1)-Microglobulin is a 26-kDa glycoprotein synthesized in the liver, secreted to the blood, and rapidly distributed to the extravascular compartment of all tissues. Recent results show that alpha(1)-microglobulin has heme-binding and heme-degrading properties and it has been suggested that the protein is involved in the defense against oxidation by heme and reactive oxygen species. In the pre

Genotyping of hepatitis C virus isolates by a modified polymerase chain reaction assay using type specific primers: epidemiological applications

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay using primers against the hepatitis C core gene has been described [Okamoto et al. (1992a): Journal of General Virology 73:673-679]. Within the two major HCV genotypes 1 and 2, the Okamoto system identifies two subtypes each (1a, 1b and 2a, 2b, respectively). Typing is achieved by a primary PCR with consensus primers followed by a nested PCR with type

Effects of malaria double infection in birds: one plus one is not two.

Avian malaria parasites are supposed to exert negative effects on host fitness because these intracellular parasites affect host metabolism. Recent advances in molecular genotyping and microscopy have revealed that coinfections with multiple parasites are frequent in bird-malaria parasite systems. However, studies of the fitness consequences of such double infections are scarce and inconclusive. W

Moment-method calculations of scattering by a square plate using singular basis functions and multipole expansions

The method of moments is used to solve electromagenetic boundary value problems numerically. It is known that the choice of basis functions is crucial for the numerical efficiency. Fast convergence is achieved provided the basis functions efficiently approximate the unknown function. In this paper the far field (incl. RCS) of a thin square conducting plate is calculated. Basis functions with corre

Gate-defined quantum-dot devices realized in InGaAs/InP by incorporating a HfO2 layer as gate dielectric

Gate-defined quantum dots in an InGaAs/InP heterostructure are realized by incorporating a high-kappa HfO2 material as a gate dielectric using atomic layer deposition. The fabricated quantum-dot devices show Coulomb blockade effect at low temperature. The Coulomb blockade current peaks are found to shift in pairs with the magnetic field applied perpendicular to the quantum-dot plane, due to the fi

Clinical value of fibrillatory wave amplitude on surface ECG in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation

We postulated that amplitude of fibrillatory (F)-wave in patients with persistent AF would correlate with clinical characteristics and outcome in patients undergoing catheter ablation for AF. Maximal and mean amplitude of F-waves were measured in V1 and lead II in 90 patients prior to ablation for persistent AF. F-wave amplitudes were correlated to clinical, echocardiographic variables, and outcom

Antibody responses to borrelia IR6 peptide variants and the C6 peptide in Swedish patients with erythema migrans

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibody responses to different VIsE protein IR6 peptide variants and the synthetic C6 peptide in acute and convalescent (2-3 and 6 months) serum samples from Swedish patients with clinical erythema migrans (EM). Serum samples were prospectively collected from 148 patients with EM and compared to serum samples obtained from 200 healthy blood donors. The Ig

Nutrient addition extends flowering display, which gets tracked by seed predators, but not by their parasitoids

Although phenological matching between two and three trophic interactions has received some attention, it has largely been disregarded in explaining the lack of strong cascade dynamics in terrestrial systems. We studied the response of the specialist seed predator, Paroxyna plantaginis (Tephritidae) and associated generalist parasitoids (Chalcidoidea) to controlled fertilisation of individuals of

Wave chaos in elastodynamic cavity scattering

The exact elastodynamic scattering theory is constructed to describe the spectral properties of two- and more- cylindrical cavity systems, and compared to an elastodynamic generalization of the semi-classical Gutzwiller unstable periodic orbits formulas. In contrast to quantum mechanics, complex periodic orbits associated with the surface Rayleigh waves dominate the low-frequency spectrum, and alr

Restorative neurology in movement disorders

Cell replacement for restoration of neurological functions in patients with movement disorders has been investigated for more than 15 years. Initial attempts used autologous adrenal medulla grafts implanted into the denervated striatum of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This approach was soon abandoned in favor of intrastriatal implantation of human embryonic mesencephalic tissue, rich in

Cross-relaxation between macromolecular and solvent spins: the role of long-range dipole couplings.

Nuclear spin relaxation by intermolecular dipole–dipole interactions between macromolecular and solvent nuclear moments forms the basis of a widely used method for investigating macromolecular solvation. In particular, intermolecular cross-relaxation [or nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE)] between protein and water protons has been used to probe the mobility of water molecules interacting with the pr

Arsenic trioxide-induced neuroblastoma cell death is accompanied by proteolytic activation of nuclear Bax.

Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is toxic to multidrug-resistant neuroblastoma cells in vivo and in vitro. In neuroblastoma, As2O3 does not exert its cell death-promoting effects via a classical apoptotic pathway. A death mechanism involving proteolytic cleavage of Bax to a p18 form seems to be of importance, because inhibition of Bax cleavage coincides with diminished cell death. As existing models of ce

ECG Quantification of Myocardial Scar in Cardiomyopathy Patients With or Without Conduction Defects Correlation With Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Arrhythmogenesis

Background-Myocardial scarring from infarction or nonischemic fibrosis forms arrhythmogenic substrate. The Selvester QRS score has been extensively validated for estimating myocardial infarction scar size in the absence of ECG confounders. but has not been tested to quantify scar in patients with hypertrophy, bundle branch/fascicular blocks, or nonischemic cardiomyopathy. We assessed the hypothese

Capture of bacterial endotoxins using a supermacroporous monolithic matrix with immobilized polyethyleneimine, lysozyme or polymyxin B

Bacterial endotoxins (BEs) are integrated part of Escherichia coli, a microorganism widely used for the production of recombinant proteins. BEs should be eliminated in the course of down stream processing of target protein produced by these bacteria. Supermacroporous monolith (continuous bed) columns, so called cryogel columns, with immobilized polyethyleneimine (PEI), polymyxin B (PMB) and lysozy