Species with a large adult-offspring size ratio and a preferred predator-prey mass ratio undergo ontogenetic trophic niche shift(s) throughout life. Trophic interactions between such species vary throughout life, resulting in different species-level interaction motifs depending on the maximum adult sizes and population size distributions. We explore the assembly and potential for coexistence of sm

The first experimental and theoretical evidence of the surface-catalyzed reaction of p,p'-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) produced from para-aminothiophenol (PATP) by local surface plasmons was reported in 2010, and since that time a series of investigations have supported these findings using different experimental and theoretical methods. Recent work has also found that local plasmons can drive a su

Why does the rate of population growth decline in the face of economic growth? We show that growing product variety may induce a permanent reduction in the demand for children and a continuous rise in income and consumption. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

We present a parallel matrix-free implicit nite volume scheme for the solution of unsteady three-dimensional advection-diusion-reaction equations with smooth and Dirac-Delta source terms. The scheme is formally second order in space and a Newton-Krylov method is employed for the appearing nonlinear systems in the implicit time integration. The matrix-vector product required is hardcoded without an

Increased glucose levels are associated with the generation of advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) modifications. Interaction between AGE-modified plaque components and immune cells is believed to have an important role in the development of vascular complications in diabetes. Methylglyoxal (MGO) is one type of reactive aldehyde that gives rise to AGE modification. The present study analyzed wheth

Background: Adipose tissue is a source of inflammatory cytokines which may influence insulin action. Aim: To evaluate exercise effects on plasma (p)-levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-6 in Peruvian Amerindian women. Material and Methods: After five years of observation during which p-glucose deteriorated and weight increased, 44 Peruvian Amerindian women aged 20-59 y

Genome wide association studies (GWAS) for fasting glucose (FG) and insulin (FI) have identified common variant signals which explain 4.8% and 1.2% of trait variance, respectively. It is hypothesized that low-frequency and rare variants could contribute substantially to unexplained genetic variance. To test this, we analyzed exome-array data from up to 33,231 non-diabetic individuals of European a

Phenological shifts linked to global warming reflect the ability of organisms to track changing climatic conditions. However, different organisms track global warming differently and there is an increasing interest in the link between phenological traits and plant abundance and distribution. Long-term data sets are often used to estimate phenological traits to climate change, but so far little has

Studies of a range of taxa, including birds, have revealed latitudinal clines in allele length at the conserved Clock locus, a gene with known influences on behaviour and physiology. Such clines might reflect adaptation to seasonal variation, a suggestion supported by a recent within-population analysis of blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus, which found associations between Clock genotype and timing of

[Context & motivation] Growing software companies with increasing product complexity face the issue of how to scale up their Requirements Engineering (RE) practices. In market-driven requirements engineering, release planning and scoping decisions are increasingly challenging as the size and complexity increases. [Problem] This paper presents initial results of an on-going exploratory, qualita

Purpose: This study aimed to explore if dysphonic voice quality affects children's performance on a language comprehension test, the Test for Reception of Grammar-2 (TROG-2), performed in simultaneous background noise (non-semantic babble). A further aim was to investigate the role of Working Memory Capacity (WMC) and Executive Functioning (EF) in coping with the voice against a background of babb

The aim of palate repair is to restore normal eating and drinking function and normal speech development and still maintain undisturbed facial growth. The repair should be performed with a low frequency of complications. A number of factors are thought to contribute to the formation of fistulas after palatoplasty; they include patient factors and treatment issues. The aim of this study was to revi

An experimental investigation was performed for single-phase flow and condensation characteristics inside five micro-fin tubes with the same outer diameter 5 mm and helix angle 18°. Data are for mass fluxes ranging from about 200 to 650 kg/m2 s. The nominal saturation temperature is 320 K, with inlet and outlet qualities of 0.8 and 0.1, respectively. The results suggest that Tube 4 has the highest

For the first time, we report remote excitation polarization-dependent surface photochemical reaction by plasmonic waveguide. Remote excitation polarization-dependent surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra indicate a surface photochemical reaction that p-aminothiophenol is converted to p,p'-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) induced by the plasmonic waveguide. Surface plasmon polaritons generat

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with a poor prognosis and predicting outcome is complex with neurophysiological testing and repeated clinical neurological examinations as key components of the assessment. In this study we examine the association between different electroencephalography (EEG) patterns and mortality in a clinical cohort of OHCA-patients.

To investigate the effects of a home-based one-year case management intervention in older people with functional dependency and repeated contact with the healthcare services on self-reported falls and self-reported injurious fall.