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A Diffusion Bridge Sampler for Drift- and Diffusion Dominated Models

We introduce an adaptive algorithm for sampling multivariate diffusion bridges that performs well for both diffusion and drift dominated models.The algorithm combines the residual bridge sampler with adaptive MCMC, allowing the algorithm to make online improvements upon the ordinary residual bridge algorithm.The simulation study show that the proposed bridge sampler is performing at least as good

Initial Conditions and Agricultural Development in Zambia, 1915-2015

Zambia, previously Northern Rhodesia, has exhibited a remarkable consistencyin the focus of its agricultural policies throughout the colonial and independenceeras. Assessing the 100 year period from 1915, this study applies a political economy framework to present evidence on the extent to which, and throughwhat mechanisms, initial natural resource endowments have influenced statepolicies in Zambi

Uptake of rheumatology biosimilars in the absence of forced switching

Background: To describe the uptake and system-level effects of the introduction of biosimilars in a setting without forced switching. Research design and methods: We used data from the Swedish Rheumatology Quality register from start of marketing of infliximab (Remsima® and Inflectra®) and etanercept (Benepali®) biosimilars until 31 December 2016. We compared users of each originator-product and i

High rate of latent tuberculosis treatment completion in immigrants seeking asylum in Sweden

Background/Aim: Treatment of latently infected individuals at increased risk of reactivation is a cornerstone in tuberculosis control. Although asylum seekers without residence permit in Sweden are offered screening for both active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), treatment for LTBI is often not initiated due to anticipated low rates of treatment completion. We aimed to compa

The Role of Airway Inflammation and Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness in Athlete's Asthma

Purpose Asthma is frequently reported in endurance athletes. The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term airway inflammatory response to endurance exercise in high-level athletes with and without asthma. Methods In a cross-sectional design, 20 asthmatic athletes (10 swimmers and 10 cross-country skiers), 19 athletes without asthma (10 swimmers and 9 cross-country skiers), and 24 healt

Shrinking targets in parametrised families

We consider certain parametrised families of piecewise expanding maps on the interval, and estimate and sometimes calculate the Hausdorff dimension of the set of parameters for which the orbit of a fixed point has a certain shrinking target property. This generalises several similar results for β-transformations to more general non-linear families. The proofs are based on a result by Schnellmann o

Benefits, barriers and opinions on multidisciplinary team meetings : A survey in Swedish cancer care

Background: Case review and discussion at multidisciplinary team meetings (MDTMs) have evolved into standard practice in cancer care with the aim to provide evidence-based treatment recommendations. As a basis for work to optimize the MDTMs, we investigated participants' views on the meeting function, including perceived benefits and barriers. Methods: In a cross-sectional study design, 244 health

Genome dynamics and evolution in yeasts : A long-term yeast-bacteria competition experiment

There is an enormous genetic diversity evident in modern yeasts, but our understanding of the ecological basis of such diversifications in nature remains at best fragmented so far. Here we report a long-term experiment mimicking a primordial competitive environment, in which yeast and bacteria co-exist and compete against each other. Eighteen yeasts covering a wide phylogenetic background spanning

Immunogenicity and safety of pneumococcal vaccination in patients with systemic sclerosis

Objective. To study the impact of disease and treatment with DMARDs on antibody response elicited by either pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) or pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) in patients with SSc. Methods. Forty-four SSc patients and 49 controls received a dose of either PCV13 or PPV23. Twelve patients were treated with DMARDs. Antibody levels to pneumococcal polysaccharides 6B

Immune tolerance induction : What have we learned over time?

Development of inhibitory antibodies to infused factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates continues to be the most serious complication of haemophilia A management. Induction of immune tolerance by administering high doses of FVIII concentrate (antigen) and prothrombin complex concentrates to control bleeding was originated in the 1970s in Bonn, Germany, by Dr Hans-Hermann Brackmann, and became known as th

Instantaneous imaging of ozone in a gliding arc discharge using photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence

Ozone vapor, O3, is here visualized in a gliding arc discharge using photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence. Ozone is imaged by first photodissociating the O3 molecule into an O radical and a vibrationally hot O2 fragment by a pump photon. Thereafter, the vibrationally excited O2 molecule absorbs a second (probe) photon that further transits the O2-molecule to an excited electronic state, a

A SET approach to the interplay of catalysts and reactants

Research within the area of selective energy transfer (SET) on how resonance develops between a specific vibration within a catalyst system and a corresponding vibration within a reacting system that resonates with it is discussed here. The catalyst system is assumed to donate one or more vibrational quanta to the reacting system. The term ‘specific vibration’ refers to vibration of a type involvi

Management of mild traumatic brain injury–trauma energy level and medical history as possible predictors for intracranial hemorrhage

Purpose: Head trauma is common in the emergency department. Identifying the few patients with serious injuries is time consuming and leads to many computerized tomographies (CTs). Reducing the number of CTs would reduce cost and radiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of adults with head trauma over a 1-year period to identify clinical features predicting intracranial