We show that the relation of second order stochastic dominance, which has found widespread use in models of economic behavior under uncertainty, may be described in terms of conditional expectation. If a distribution G second order stochastically dominates another distribution F, then there are random variables g and f with distributions G and F, respectively, such that g can be obtained from f by

Over a decade ago, the concept of objectively evaluating the performance of control strategies by simulating them using a standard model implementation was introduced for activated sludge wastewater treatment plants. The resulting Benchmark Simulation Model No 1 (BSM1) has been the basis for a significant new development that is reported on here: Rather than only evaluating control strategies at t

Images by cryo-transmission electron microscopy show two types of structure in dilute aqueous mixtures of amylose (AM) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS): Loose fibrous networks and unilamellar vesicles. Neither of the structures was observed in reference solutions of AM or SDS alone. It is proposed that both types of structure consist of inclusion complexes where SDS molecules are enclosed in V-typ

AIMS: This study sets out to investigate direct care staff's views of their need for support, supervision, and training in their practice in day care settings when supporting daily occupations among developmentally disabled persons. BACKGROUND: The first line staff are considered as having a prominent role in the successful delivery of service. METHODS: Three municipalities, one urban and two rura

Random mesh phases share many common features with the classical lamellar phase in that they are layered phases; but crucially, they possess nonuniform interfacial curvature, since the lamellae are pierced by water-filled pores. The introduction of curvature into the lamellae has been posited as a transitional precursor for other lyotropic phases. In this paper, we show that simple H-2 nuclear mag

Article about the history of the Sydasien magazine

We find the extreme programming methodology highly suitable for introducing undergraduate students to software engineering. To be able to apply this methodology at a reasonable teaching cost for large student groups, we have developed two courses that work in tandem: a team programming course taken by more than 100 students, and a coaching course taken by around 25 students. In this paper we descr

The aim of the study was to evaluate an experimental approach based on a fluid percussion rat trauma model in combination with the microdialysis technique for the analysis of cerebral interstitial biochemical alterations following head trauma, and to test the hypothesis that the previously observed acute accumulation of lactate and increase in the lactate pyruvate ratio may persist for several day

Purpose: To characterize the clinical phenotype, with emphasis on electrophysiology, of two children with suspected Bothnia dystrophy. Methods: Two unrelated affected patients, 10 and 11 years old, were studied. Ophthalmological examination included testing of visual acuity, fundus inspection and fundus photography, kinetic perimetry, full-field electroretinogram (ERG), and multifocal ERG. The pre

PURPOSE: A spin-echo diffusion-sensitized pulse sequence using high gradients (23 mT/m) is introduced. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In order to minimize motion artefacts, velocity-compensating gradients, ECG-triggering and post-processing with phase correction and raw data averaging using navigator echoes was performed. The in vitro ratio of diffusion coefficients for water and acetone was determined and

The theoretical background and research evidence supporting two alternative scenarios – worsening health and improving health at increasing life expectancy is analyzed. It is shown that the prevailing “longer life – worse health” theory is based on the logic that due to the reduced birth-rate and increased proportion of older citizens the process of population aging is taking place, leading to an