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What does not kill bacteria, makes them stronger Bacteria most often gather together to form communities called biofilms, which represent the underlying cause of 60% of all infections. Bacteria hidden in the biofilms cannot be eliminated by the human immune system and by antibiotics, therefore, they cause persistent infections which require long-term antibiotic therapy. One of the unwanted effect

Citrat ger cellerna mer energi Njurarna är ett organ i kroppen vars huvuduppgift är att avlägsna överflödig vätska och rena blodet från restprodukter. Njursvikt innebär ett tillstånd där njurarna helt eller till största delen förlorat sin funktion och kan leda till ett livshotande tillstånd då vätskenivån i kroppen ökar. Detta kan bl.a. leda till ett förhöjt blodtryck och att nivån av olika giftiObjective: Citrate is widely used in dialysis, either as an acid in dialysis fluids or as a regional anticoagulant. In both cases, the concentration of citrate in the plasma of the patients will increase above physiological levels, up to 5-foldes in some cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of citrate on the transcriptional level, as well as on the metabolic level and elucida

The focus of this master’s thesis has been getting a six-legged robot to autonomously navigate around a room with obstacles. To make this possible a time-of-flight camera has been implemented in order to map the environment. Two force sensing resistors were also mounted on the front legs to sense if the legs are in contact with the ground. The information from the sensors together with a path plan

Marine protected areas (MPA) have been widely used the recent years, as an alternative to the traditional management tools, in order to increase the yield and the health of a stock. The present study shows how cod population in Öresund would respond under different spatial and temporal MPA and how they will affect the gill-net fisheries in the area. For that reason, a simple model, based on logist

Sanddyner är landformer som bildas av vinden. Deras inre uppbyggnad utgörs av korslagringar och begränsningsytor som kan ge väsentlig information om det lokala klimatet och miljön vid dynernas bildning. Georadarundersökning som är en snabb, enkel och ickedestruktiv reflektionsmetod, ger en god bild av sanddynernas inre struktur eftersom korslagringar och begränsningsytor ger upphov till reflektoreDunes are landforms formed by the wind. Their internal architecture consists of cross beds and bounding surfaces that provide important information about the local climate and environment during dune formation. GPR is a quick, easy and non-destructive reflection method that provides an illustration of the dunes’ inner structure because crossbeds and bounding surfaces gives rise to re-flections tha

MikroRNA-96 och sin roll i prostatacancer För att en cell ska vara hälsosam och kunna uppfylla sina funktioner så måste cellen producera den rätta mängden och rätta sorten RNA-molekyler och proteiner som är kodade i cellens DNA. På grund av detta så är genuttrycket strikt reglerat i varje cell. När det gäller cancerceller är balansen störd vilket innebär att cellen delar sig okontrollerat och bil

Construction of wind turbines has increased these recent years and is expected to escalate more in the nearest future. The expansion of wind power as an energy source requires specific and comprehensive transport, when production is far away from the installation site. Generally, the development of turbines has gone towards bigger turbines with longer rotor blades. As the blades grow in length, op

With the growing pool of deposited protein structures, the need for structural analysis tools grows. In study of amino acid substitutions the variety of analysis tools is high; nevertheless, there is a lack of programs serving specific purpose, such as identifying if an amino acid substitution would cause a clash in the structure or not, given just the structure of the original protein. In this stAnalysing structural damage caused by changes in proteins In an organism, even only one single change of an amino acid can sometimes lead to disease, if the protein is a part of an important biological function. Because of that, it is important to study those changes and be able to predict if an amino acid substitution would cause harm. There are various ways a substitution can be harmful to a pr

The decline suffered by grassland pollinators in the south of Sweden may have great consequences resulting in the loss of important ecosystem services. However, cities may mitigate this effect as parks and other urban green areas can act as refuges for high pollinator diversity. Here I try to assess the status of the butterfly populations in the city of Malmö using as a reference a study carried o

Kriminalvården är värld som många har åsikter om, men samtidigt har få kännedom om vad som verkligen sker däri. Makt förekommer i olika former och därmed är det viktigt att beskriva ur ett inifrånperspektiv hur maktspelet på en anstalt kan se ut. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka om synen på institutionell maktutövning skiljer sig åt mellan gamla och nya kriminalvårdare. Jag har med hjä

Bitumen är den tyngsta produkten från raffinaderier. Den är användbar som bindemedel för olika ytbeläggningar som t.ex. asfalt på vägar, takpapp m.m. Företag Nordic Waterproofing tillverkar takpapp i Höganäs och använder bitumen som en av de viktigaste råvarorna i processen. Ett förnyelsebart samhälle är dagens fokusmål för alla, inte bara enskilda personer, utan hela landet och hela planet måste Nordic Waterproofing is one of the largest roofing felt producers in Europe. One of the production facility is located in Höganäs (Sweden), which is specialized in roofing felt that are suitable for the nordic climate. Bitumen is a central component of roofing felt manufacturing that contribute several properties to the product. Due to the importance of bitumen, Nordic Waterproofing finds an addit

Hur medicinen ser på och benämner intersexpersoner, d.v.s. personer som föds med kroppsliga variationer gällande könskaraktäristika, inklusive hormonella och/eller anatomiska och kromosomala variationer, vilka inte avläses som typiskt manliga eller kvinnliga får direkta konsekvenser för dessa människor i form av kirurgiska ingrepp och andra behandlingar. Ofta sker ingreppen på barn som inte har mö

Datoranalys av cellernas eget flagg-system kan bidra till forskningen kring patient-anpassade cancerbehandlingar Tänk dig att du zoomar in på cellytan utav dina celler. Något som du kommer lägga märke till är uppradade molekyler med små utstickande protein-stumpar (peptider). De står nästan som flaggstänger med viftande flaggor i olika former. Dessa ”flaggstänger” kallas för MHC molekyler och de The exceptionally polymorphic Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genes play a crucial role in the immune system’s interplay with non-immune cells. Certain HLA alleles are known to have a strong disease correlation. There is a growing interest, within several research fields, in determining (typing) HLA alleles at higher resolution than what is possible today using standard laboratory methods. Within th

SLAP2: A potential new strategy in fighting cancer Among more than 20,000 genes in humans, about 2% of genes encode a class of proteins referred to as kinases. A kinase is a protein, which transfers phosphate groups to proteins called substrate proteins. This process is named phosphorylation and almost all cellular behaviors are controlled by protein phosphorylation. Kinases mainly phosphorylate

Like with printers, material used for 3D­printing is what makes it expensive, especially if the printer is meant to be low­cost. Can used tires be the solution? This thesis proves that old tires can be turned into a usable granulate, with simple means. Then 3D­printing could be made accessible to people of lesser means.

When evaluating future technologies for smart metering and automatic meter reading (AMR) E.ON Elnät Sverige AB has set up a pilot to test a communication technology supplied by Connode AB. Connode have developed a mesh radio solution based on 6LoWPAN, IPv6 over Low Powered Wireless Personal Area Network. By using this technology the communication unit on every meter is acting as both receiver and

Innovation is gospel today. This also means a surge in popularity for the agents behind innovation; innovators. But who are they, exactly? Anecdotal evidence from both recent times and historical settings tend to emphasize remarkable individuals, who more or less alone created amazing things. By utilizing the SWINNO-database of innovations, this thesis examines how empirically prevalent the narrat

Dividing wall columns are single shell distillation columns which are thermally fully coupled. DWC has the ability to create three product streams from one feed stream. A simulation of DWCs is hard due to the complexity of the system. Unfortunately, there is no good software package that can be used for simulations. Instead a detailed flowsheet with the right components and good arrangement over t

I en allt mer energieffektiv värld så spelar allt fler av energiförlusterna allt större roll. Tidigare hade man samma förluster som idag från kanalsystemet men de totala förlusterna var större. När man nu har minskat andra förluster i huset får kanalför- lusterna en allt större betydelse i den totala energianvändningen, vilket leder till att det nu finns anledning att ta större hänsyn till dem. I To minimize energy losses becomes more and more important in a world where energy efficiency is a big priority and necessary if we want a future on our planet. The relative impact from ducting losses on the energy performance of the building was earlier so small that it was plausible to ignore them. Nowadays many of the other parts of the losses have been cut which means the air ducts now might st