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In this introduction we provide an overview of research on gender issues in the rescue services in combination with introducing the different contributions in this book. The overview is primarily concerned with three national contexts, the US, the UK and Sweden, and we focus on the most prevalent themes in the literature as well as pointing out under-researched areas. The empirical contributions i

In this paper, super-resolution imaging is described and evaluated for x-ray tomography and is compared with standard tomography and upscaling during reconstruction. Blurring is minimized due to the negligible point spread of photon counting detectors and an electromagnetically movable micro-focus x-ray spot. Scans are acquired in high and lowmagnification geometry, where the latter is used to min

Objective To understand and report on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the everyday lives of frail older persons living in nursing homes by exploring their experiences of how the pandemic-related restrictions had influenced them and in what way. Design Empirical qualitative interview study. Setting A publicly run nursing home in an urban area in Sweden in June 2020. The nursing home had visi

In vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offers a genetically tractable system to examine the physiology and pathology of human tissue development and differentiation. We have used this approach to model the earliest stages of human B lineage development and characterize potential target cells for the in utero initiation of childhood B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Herein,

Cooperative binding is a key feature of metabolic pathways, signaling, and transport processes. It provides tight regulation over a narrow concentration interval of a ligand, thus enabling switching to be triggered by small concentration variations. The data presented in this work reveal strong positive cooperativity of α-synuclein binding to phospholipid membranes. Fluorescence cross-correlation

Intermittent fasting may impart metabolic benefits independent of energy balance by initiating fasting-mediated mechanisms. This randomized controlled trial examined 24-hour fasting with 150% energy intake on alternate days for 3 weeks in lean, healthy individuals (0:150; n = 12). Control groups involved a matched degree of energy restriction applied continuously without fasting (75% energy intake

BACKGROUND: Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) is a highly accurate tool to detect implant migration and predict loosening following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, little is known about the predisposing risk factors for implant migration, nor which migration profile should be considered physiological (i.e., merely part of an implant-settling phase) and which should be considered pathologica

Background: Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been reported to increase the risk of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), but the association remains disputed. Methods: A nationwide cohort study among adults in Denmark, 2010-2013, linking register data on C. difficile testing, filled prescriptions, and patient characteristics. All incident episodes of community-associated CD

Scientists are increasingly exploring on-site water systems to supplement conventional centralized water and wastewater infrastructure. While major technological advancements have been achieved, we still lack a systematic view on the non-technical, or institutional, elements that constitute important barriers to the uptake of on-site urban water management systems. This paper presents a conceptual

We show that algebraic proofs are hard to find: Given an unsatisfiable CNF formula F, it is NP-hard to find a refutation of F in the Nullstellensatz, Polynomial Calculus, or Sherali-Adams proof systems in time polynomial in the size of the shortest such refutation. Our work extends, and gives a simplified proof of, the recent breakthrough of Atserias and Müller (JACM 2020) that established an anal

The coexistence of Mott localized f states with wide conduction and valence bands in f-electron semiconductors results, quite generically, in a complex optical response with the nature of the absorption edge difficult to resolve both experimentally and theoretically. Here, we combine a dynamical mean-field theory approach to localized 4f shells with an improved description of band gaps by a semilo

Cooperative hunting involves individual predators relating in time and space to each other’s actions to more efficiently track down and catch prey. The evolution of advanced cognitive abilities and sociality in animals are strongly associated with cooperative hunting abilities as has been shown in lions, chimpanzees, and dolphins. Much less is known about cooperative hunting in seemingly unsocial

Aims: Previous studies on major depressive disorder (MDD) among immigrants have reported mixed results. Using data from primary healthcare settings in Sweden, we compared the incidence of MDD among first- and second-generation immigrants aged 15–39 years with natives. Methods: This was a retrospective nationwide open cohort study. Eligible individuals were born 1965–1983, aged 15–39 years at basel

Quantum dot based parity-to-charge conversion is a promising method for reading out quantum information encoded nonlocally into pairs of Majorana zero modes. To obtain a sizable parity-to-charge visibility, it is crucial to tune the relative phase of the tunnel couplings between the dot and the Majorana modes appropriately. However, in the presence of multiple quasidegenerate dot orbitals, it is i

The Ukrainian Shield and Voronezh Crystalline Massif constitute the Sarmatian segment of Baltica. Here, only a few mafic-ultramafic dykes and layered intrusions have been dated, recording early Statherian (ca. 1800–1750 Ma) ages. We have determined new U-Pb baddeleyite ages for the Novogol sill (1789 ± 2 Ma) and the Gremyachye intrusion (1781 ± 7 Ma), which fall within the previously established a

Objective: To determine the serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae associated with mucosal infections in patients of all ages, 2 to 4 years after the transition from a 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) to PCV13 in the childhood immunization programme. Methods: Background information and antimicrobial susceptibility data regarding all respirato

As a classical polymer acceptor material, N2200 has received extensive attention and research in the field of polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, the intrinsic properties of ground- and excited-states in N2200, which are critical for the application of N2200 in PSCs, remain poorly understood. In this work, the ground- and excited-state properties of N2200 solution and film were studied by steady-

An essential step for improving climate change models' performance is to evaluate their ability to represent the current climate conditions, especially extreme events. On such background, this study aims at evaluating the performance of the Quantile Delta Mapping (QDM) as a bias correction method for annual maximum daily precipitation series (bmax) generated from downscaled climate change models u

The solvation of alkali and halide ions in the aqueous environment has been a subject of intense experimental and theoretical research with multidisciplinary interests; yet, a comprehensive molecular-level understanding has still not been obtained. In recent years, electron spectroscopy has been increasingly applied to study the electronic and structural properties of aqueous ions with implication

A large contribution to glucose elimination from the circulation is achieved by insulin-independent processes. We have previously shown that the two incretin hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) increase this process and, therefore, seem to contribute to glucose disposal both through this effect and through the classical incretin effect r