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Novel readers inside the narrated world are, Monika Class argues, a foundational trope in the diachronic development of the realist novel in English. Jane Austen’s Northanger Abbey can be seen as a game-changer for the intradiegetic novel reader, since Austen achieved a composition that ambivalently elevates the genre both on the level of the story, in which the two novel readers, Catherine Morlan

The People’s Park in Lund was one of Sweden’s first public places owned by the labour movement. Today the park has become a municipal re creational facility and cultural centre, and the pivotal role of labour in its creation has all but completely faded. Yet despite this amnesia, urban development plans for the park have been overturned many times with references to the place’s past, which has mad

Oat beta-glucans (OBGs) lower postprandial blood glucose by increasing gastrointestinal viscosity, delaying gastric emptying, and slowing glucose absorption. While the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommends a minimum intake of 4 g of OBGs per 30 g of available carbohydrates (avCHO) for a significant reduction in glycaemic response, this poses formulation challenges. This study investigat

INTRODUCTION: Although advanced surgical techniques are available, satisfactory functional outcomes after peripheral nerve injuries are uncommon. Hence, immune-modulating factors such as PXL01, a lactoferrin-derived peptide that improves axonal outgrowth in injured human digital nerves, have gained attention. We previously reported a short-term immunosuppressive effect of PXL01 after the repair of

Introduction: A rule exists regarding the use of computed tomography (CT) for patients presenting to the emergency department with head trauma and a Glasgow coma score (GCS) of 15; however, it can be difficult to make this decision due to overcrowded emergency rooms or exaggerated patients complaints. We evaluated patients who presented to the emergency room with minor head trauma, and we aimed to

Spinal infection is rare. Clinical suspicion is important in patients with nonmechanical neck and/or back pain to make the proper diagnosis in early disease. Before planning surgery, a thorough evaluation of the spinal stability, alignment, and deformity is necessary. Timing of surgery, side of approach, appropriate surgical technique, and spinal instruments used are crucial. Biomechanical preserv

Objective: Dural opening and closures are major steps in endoscopic pituitary surgery. Restoring the normal anatomy at the end of the procedure creates a natural barrier between the intrasellar compartment and the sinonasal cavity. Methods: In this study, we present a relatively simple dural opening and closure technique for endoscopic pituitary surgery. This technique provides a better alternativ

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the applications and procedures of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) in terms of their cost and efficacy in a state hospital in Turkey. Setting: A 372-bed, state hospital in Isparta, Turkey. Method:The investigation was performed between May and August 2011 in six surgical wards. All of the surgical procedures were followed up and ant

Paranasal sinus infections are very common. Dental infections, tumours and anatomical malformations can cause unilateral sinusitis. Most cases can be treated without complications. However, rare life-threatening intracranial complications can occur. Generally, an intracranial complication progresses rapidly and can cause meningismus, focal neurological disorders, loss of consciousness and seizures

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between the levels of 25- Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)-D), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and basal ganglia calcification (BGC) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Method: The study population consisted of 32 patients with PD who were admitted to the Neurology Clinic of Antakya State Hospital in 2010 as well as 32 healthy control subjects. S

Object. Acromegaly is a disease that has significant morbidity and mortality related to high levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and is usually caused by pituitary adenomas. The goal in this study was to investigate the role of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery and surgical experience in the treatment of GH adenoma cases in relation to surgical results and horm

Study Design. Antimicrobial effect of a novel silverimpregnated pedicle screw in rabbits. Objective. A novel spine implant model was designed to study the antimicrobial effect of a modified Titanium (Ti) pedicle screws with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in multiple surgical sites in the lumbar spine of a rabbit. Summary of Background Data. Infection in spinal implant is of gre

Purpose: Catheter-related infection is a major complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt in children. The aim of this study is to determine inflammatory response and the efficacy of polypropylene-grafted polyethylene glycol (PP-g- PEG) copolymer and silver nanoparticle-embedded PP-g- PEG (Ag-PP-g-PEG) polymer-coated ventricular catheters on the prevention of catheter-related infections on a new e

AIM: Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), its organic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and N-Butyl 2-Cyanoacrylate (NBCA) are widely used in neurovascular embolization procedures and yet with potential risk of cytotoxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effect of EVOH-DMSO, its solvent DMSO and NBCA on cerebral parenchyma in a rabbit model. MATERIAL and METHODS: Forty-eight

Purpose: Tumors of central nervous system (CNS) are accounted as the second most common tumors in childhood (21 % of all cancers) following hematologic malignancies. The patients can suffer more than one cancer in their lifetime, and radiotherapy is claimed for de novo formation of a new tumor in years after treatment of an initial tumor. Methods: We have retrospectively analyzed our database for

This study is designed to evaluate the treatment effect of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) on axonal regeneration in experimental rat sciatic nerve damage, and compare the results of this modality with autologous nerve grafting. In Spraque-Dawley albino rats, 10-mm-long experimental nerve gaps were created. Three groups were constitute

In order to understand peripheral nerve dysfunction, and to follow neuronal regeneration, basic sciences of the peripheral nerve should be understood completely. A surgeon who operates on "nerves" uses this knowledge, especially the organization of the peripheral nerve, in nerve reconstructions. When a nerve has been injured, the goal of surgical repair is generally to reapproximate the ends of th

Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is emerging as a minimally invasive and maximally effective procedure for pituitary adenomas. In this report we analyzed the complications in 624 procedures of endonasal transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery in the treatment of 570 patients with pituitary adenomas. The leading author (MB) operated pituitary adenomas via pure endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surg

Objective: This study aims to investigate the degree of biocompatibility and neuroregeneration of a polymer tube, poly-3-hydroxyoctanoate (PHO) in nerve gap repair. Methods: Forty Wistar Albino male rats were randomized into two groups: autologous nerve gap repair group and PHO tube repair group. In each group, a 10-mm right sciatic nerve defect was created and reconstructed accordingly. Neurorege

Context. This is a case of gonadotropinoma presented with Rathke's cleft cyst. Objective. We are presenting a case of gonadotropinoma along with Rathke's cleft cyst which is unique case as being male and symptomatic gonadotropin releasing adenoma. Method. A 51 year old man was referred to our institution for evaluation of impotence and loss of libido. His endocrine screening evaluations revealed h