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The ReO3-type structure NbO2F, niobium dioxyfluoride, has been studied at high pressures using diamond anvil cells and synchrotron X-ray radiation. High-pressure powder diffraction measurements have been performed up to 40.1 GPa. A phase transition from the cubic (Pm3m) ambient pressure structure to a rhombohedral (R3c) structure at 0.47 GPa has been observed. Rietveld refinements at 1.38, 1.96, 3
We have investigated the local atomic environment of the Ga atoms in an InxGa1-xN single quantum well structure using Optically Detected Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (OD-EXAFS). A comparison of the OD-EXAFS data with a theoretical model shows the technique to be site selective for this particular structure and reveals that the quantum well emission originates from regions with x=0.15.
The behaviour of people in the first stage of an evacuation can have a significant impact on the time required to reach a safe place. This behaviour is known in literature as pre-evacuation behaviour and it has been studied for many different evacuating scenarios. Despite the large number of studies, the representation of this behaviour is often oversimplified in most of the existing evacuation mo
Denna studie handlar om att experimentellt karakterisera ett materietillstånd som existerade under de första miljondelarna av en sekund under Big Bang, som vi kallar för Kvark-Gluon-Plasma. Med stora partikelacceleratorer som Large Hadron Collider (LHC) vid CERN, kan vi genom kärnkollisioner med mycket hög energi nå så pass extrema temperaturer och densiteter att vi kan återskapa och studera dettaIn high energy heavy ion collisions, the QCD matter undergoes a phase transition to a hot and dense strongly coupled Quark Gluon Plasma, where quarks and gluons are deconfined in a volume of nuclear dimensions. At intermediate pT, 2 < p T < 8 GeV/c, a decoupling from pure hydrodynamical flow is observed, most noticeable in central collisions, demonstrated by the peak in the ratio of baryons to mes
This article examines the relationship between theories of the ‘new’ public diplomacy and recent attemptsby foreign ministries in the United Kingdom, United States and Sweden to develop public diplomacystrategies for the early twenty-first century. It provides a summary of policy debates in each nation alongsideanalysis of the evaluation methods that have been designed to support them. The article
The purpose of this paper is to interpret an American military media strategy designed for the Iraq war from a perspective drawing on recent theoretical discussions of space and time. The material consists of a short white paper that was declassified under the Freedom of Information Act and published by the NSA in 2007. It outlines a ‘Rapid Reaction Media Team’ which was tasked with designing and
This article investigates innovations in public diplomacy and nation brands through the example of Sweden's Embassy in Washington, DC, the House of Sweden (HoS). The analysis explores the styles of communication and public outreach made possible by the interaction between its architectural design, brand values and public diplomacy applications. Aimed at practitioners and scholars with an interest
In this chapter, I will discuss alternative ways of understanding public and digital diplomacy. Rather than beginning with what these concepts are supposed to mean, I will argue that their main value is in signifying the intention to reform diplomatic organisations. I will then discuss the relationship of digital and public diplomacy to traditional diplomatic practices, and describe the expanded s
While the term public diplomacy (PD) has undergone a major revival in the early 21st century, the evaluation of PD programs has not been given anywhere near the same level of attention. The number of studies which consider either the methods used for the evaluation of PD campaigns or the theoretical grounds of PD evaluation methodologies remain few compared to the number which discuss PD policy or
Implementation of open source development practices within commercial settings can bring benefits such as improved source code quality, lower maintenance costs, and increased innovation. However, a widespread in-house implementation of the practices has not been observed. The goal of this research is to understand factors which hinder the implementation. For the purpose, development practices of a
Political economy is a key approach to studying international development andsocial change. Research originating from a political economy approach will befamiliar to those of us who are aware of global concerns that emphasize bignumbers: how many millions of dollars of aid are distributed, how many peopleearn less than a dollar a day, child mortality rates, whether economies in developing countrie
The book looks at corporate voluntarism from a socio-legal perspective and places CSR in a regulatory context. The responsible practices of leading businesses have a role in the rule-making process by clarifying general, flexible concepts such as ‘due diligence’, ‘reasonability’, ‘foreseeability’ which all have a bearing on findings of corporate ‘negligence’. Procedural regulations seeking to enco
There are many kinds of public diplomacy (PD) currently practiced inEurope. Perhaps the most familiar of these is the national level advocacyand cultural promotion work conducted by foreign and cultural ministries.This chapter explores the PD policies of the “big three” in Europe:France, Germany, and the United Kingdom (UK). Although the UK iswell represented in recent scholarly debates, there are
Public diplomacy is the communication of an international actor’s policies to citizens of foreign countries. These citizens might include civil society representatives, nongovernmental organisations, multinationals, journalists and media institutions, specialists across different sectors of industry, politics and culture, and members of the general public. They are typically engaged by actors like
