Alongside global acknowledgements of the gendered nature of conflict, the academic field of transitional justice is shifting towards the newly emerging concept of transformative justice. Within this, reparations are particularly seen as the most agent-centric tool for structural transformation. In northeastern Nigeria, the conflict between Boko Haram and the state has seen a prevalence of conflict

Vaccination is the most cost-effective way of preventing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) although there was a considerable delay in its institution in Tanzania. This study assessed health care workers' (HCWs) self-perceived infection risk and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. A concurrent embedded, mixed methods design was utilized to collect data among HCWs in seven Tanzanian regions. Quantitative

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka och analysera vilken typ av upprättelse som skulle kunna vara adekvat för offer som skildras i barnpornografi i Sverige. Studien använder främst rättsdogmatisk metod, i vissa delar kombinerat med en barnpsykologi gällande dokumenterade sexuella övergrepp. Studien genomfördes strukturellt, det vill säga löpande i kapitlen som återfinns. Teorin som tillämpas i This study aims to investigate and analyze what remedies that could be adequate for victims depicted in child pornography in Sweden. It was conducted using legal dogmatic method, combined in certain parts with child psychology regarding documented sexual abuse. This was done throughout a structural analysis of the issue, using a chapter format. The theory used for analyzing the subject is an indiv

Inom svensk förvaltningsprocess är huvudregeln att en juristdomare och tre nämndemän prövar frågor i förvaltningsrätten. Om sakkunskap behövs i målet är utgångspunkten att detta får tillföras genom en förordnad sakkunnig. Som undantag till denna huvudregel har det i vissa mål i förvaltningsrätten ansetts berättigat att låta tekniska ledamöter, eller expertledamöter, ingå i rätten såsom domare. DetIn the Swedish administrative process, a legal judge and three lay judges typi-cally examine questions in the administrative court. If expertise is needed in the case, the main rule is that this may be provided by an appointed expert. As an exception to this general rule, it has been considered justified in certain cases in the Administrative Court to include technical or expert members in the cou

Principen om lika lön för lika arbete för kvinnor och män har varit en del av EU-rätten sedan Romfördraget från 1975. Numera återfinns principen och förbudet mot diskriminering på grund av kön i såväl primär- som sekundärrätt. Löneskillnaderna mellan kvinnor och män är emellertid fortsatt stora i EU:s medlemsstater varpå EU har bedömt att det finns ett behov av ytterligare lagstiftning i syfte attThe principle of equal pay for equal work for women and men has been part of EU law since the 1975 Treaty of Rome. Nowadays, the principle and the prohibition of discrimination based on sex are found in both primary and secondary legislation. However, the pay gap between women and men remains high in EU member states and the EU has therefore identified the need for further legislation to reduce th

After Edward Snowden exposed the mass surveillance practices of the US intelligence services in 2013, personal data protection has taken a prominent position in the legal systems of various jurisdictions, including the European Union. The Safe Harbour agreement regulating the flows of personal data transfers between the US and the EU at that time was soon invalidated by a ruling of the European Co

Background: The thoracic area has mainly been neglected in research compared to the lumbar and cervical regions. No clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for non-specific thoracic spine pain (TSP) have been compiled. Therefore, it can be argued that the absence of specific CPGs raises questions about the management of non-specific TSP. Hence, this study aimed at determining the management of non-spe

As both a utility mode of transport and recreational activity, cycling has well-known health, environmental, and economic benefits. For these reasons it has been encouraged in many countries, including the Republic of Ireland. However, with increasing popularity there have been concurrent increases in road traffic related cyclist injuries. This study aims to characterise cyclist collisions, which

Det här projektet fokuserar främst på området för supramolekylär kemi, vilket innebär ”kemin bortom molekylerna”. Det handlar om hur två olika molekyler kan interagera med varandra för att bilda ett system som är energimässigt fördelaktigt. Dessa molekyler interagerar med så kallade intermolekylära krafter, vilka är krafter som verkar mellan olika molekyler. Dessa krafter kan liknas vid positiva oDue to its chemical properties, Tröger’s base is frequently used in supramolecular systems. This project aims to create two diastereomers of Tröger’s base, which potentially could be utilized to generate heptakis-Tröger’s base. The initial step is to synthesize a Tröger’s base analog consist on a condensation reaction between two substituted anilines. This reaction fuses them to produce a Tröger’s

Introduction: Cycling as a means of transport or recreational activity is increasing in popularity in Ireland. However, increasing numbers of cyclists may lead to an increased number of bicycle collisions and fatalities. The Road Safety Authority is the statutory body for road safety in Ireland but uses police data alone to collate cycling collision statistics. This may lead to an underestimation

Hur kan ägg hjälpa mot barncancer? Neuroblastom är en barncancerform. Bristen på sjukdomsmodeller har saktat ner framstegen och möjligheterna att förstå hur sjukdomen uppstår. Här kan vi presentera en människo-kycklingchimär som modell för att studera neuroblastom genom att använda embryon från hönsägg tillsammans med mänskliga celler. Neuroblastom (NB) är en cancerform som oftast drabbar småbaNeuroblastoma (NB) is a childhood cancer contributing to several cases of cancer related deaths in children every year. The oncogene MYCN is known to be related to a worse outcome in patients with NB and is found in approximately 20 % of the cases. MYCN is controlled during normal development, however in NB it is dysregulated. The understanding of NB has been hampered due to the lack of embryonic

Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults, mediated by glomerular antibody deposition to an increasing number of newly recognised antigens. Previous case reports have suggested an association between patients with anti-contactin-1 (CNTN1)-mediated neuropathies and MGN. In an observational study we investigated the pathobiology and extent of this potentia

Tröger’s Base (TB) is a bicyclic compound containing a methanodiazocine group between two aromatic rings. The methylene bridge forces the molecule to have a bent formation; thus, the aromatic rings are close to 90 degrees relative to each other, resulting in a rigid concave aromatic cavity. These unique properties make TB a great candidate as a molecular cleft compound and a good structure as a mo

Bakgrund: Övervikt och obesitas är ett ökande globalt problem, ca 1,3 miljoner vuxna lider idag av övervikt eller obesitas. Sjuksköterskor verkar inom ICN:s etiska kod där personcentrering är ett av de sex nyckelbegreppen. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva erfarenheter hos patienter med övervikt och obesitas av att vårdas inom sjukvården. Metod: Litteraturöversikt med tolv kvalitativa vetenskapliga p

Kan kemiska föroreningar leda till ökad resistens hos bakterier? I dagens samhälle kan de flesta känna en trygghet kring utvecklingen av moderna mediciner som gör att allt fler sjukdomar kan botas jämfört med innan. Varje år kan det kännas som att mänskligheten gör framsteg vad gäller den medicinska utvecklingen. Dock är det inte så att det bara görs framsteg kring läkemedel utan vissa läkemedel kAntibiotic resistance is currently a very serious and pressing issue. Grave consequences are predicted in the future if the rate of resistance development continues as today. In relation to this there are many contaminants in our environment and the grade of effects of these contaminants on antibiotic resistance is still very much unknown. The aim of this study is to give an overview on this subje

En av de karakteristiska egenskaperna i ett aktiebolag är att aktieägarna inte bär ett personligt ansvar. Ett undantag från detta är ansvaret vid olovliga vär-deöverföringar. En värdeöverföring kan anses vara olovlig enligt försiktig-hetsregeln. Försiktighetsregeln är en central regel i det aktiebolagsrättsliga kapitalskyddet. Regeln kan ses som en generalklausul för värdeöverföringars lovlighet. One of the characteristics of a limited liability company (Sw: aktiebolag) is that the shareholders are not personally liable. An exception to this is the lia-bility for unauthorized transfer of value (Sw: värdeöverföring). A transfer of value can be considered unauthorized under the precautionary rule (Sw: försiktighetsregeln). The rule is an important rule in the capital protection of limited li

Cyclist underreporting of lower severity and single cyclist collisions to police results in the underestimation of the societal costs of lower severity and single cyclist collisions. Prevention strategies for these types of collisions are becoming a popular area of research, and video-based approaches have obvious potential for these cases, allowing for detailed analyses of underreported lower sev