Standardized measurement of self-rated breathlessness using appropriate tools is essential for research and clinical care. The purpose was to review recent advances in the measurement of breathlessness and the minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) in intensity of chronic breathlessness.

PKCepsilon (protein kinase Cepsilon) is a serine/threonine kinase, and a member of the PKC family of isoforms. The different PKC isoforms regulate many cellular processes of importance for disease. It is therefore desirable to obtain tools to specifically modulate the activity of the individual isoforms and to develop markers of PKC activity. The paper by Durgan et al. in this issue of the Biochem

Abstract Objectives. To establish a set of reference values for regional dispersion of repolarization of the right atrium in the in situ heart of pigs and to see if the global dispersion of repolarization could be estimated from regional mapping. Design. Monophasic action potential (MAP) were sequentially recorded from 28 ± 3 sites in seven different regional areas of the right atrium: lateral, a

Vår tid är urbanitetens epok. Människor vill komma till staden. Utflyttningen från landsbygd till stad tycks vara en social omvandlingsprocess utan ände. I dagens Sverige bor 84 procent av befolkningen i städer. På tvåhundra år har förhållandet mellan stad och landsbygd nästan vänts i sin motsats. Någon gång under 1930-talets början passerade antalet stadsboende landsbygdens befolkning. Det som hä

While Aristotle has conventionally been perceived as a precursor for the taxonomy of modern biological systematics, such as that of Carolus Linnaeus, this essay investigates the relationship between Aristotelian metaphysics and natural history in order to demonstrate the problem of anomalies in any system of this kind. In particular, the problem involves the place that may be given to the unnatura

BACKGROUND: Most prospective pediatric exercise intervention studies cover

Paradoxical thrombotic embolism via right-to-left cardiac shunt (RLS) is a risk factor of cryptogenic ischemic stroke. Transtemporal Doppler (TTD) is a valid method used in the detection of patent foramen ovale (PFO). Temporal acoustic bone windows are missing with increasing age and in some younger subjects. We studied prospectively whether Doppler ultrasound of the cervical arteries (submandibul

Exposure to isocyanates is known to have respiratory effects in workers and therefore it is essential to monitor the occupational exposure. An earlier study of a continuous foaming plant using toluene diisocyanate (TDI) showed that the exposure to isocyanates can be high. Since then several preventive actions were implemented at the plant. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of these a

FK506 binding protein 65 (FKBP65) belongs to a group of proteins termed immunophilins that have a high binding affinity to immunosuppressant drugs as FK506 (tacrolimus) and rapamycin (sirolimus). Treatment of female premenopausal women with tacrolimus, which binds to FKBP65, has been reported to be followed by a strongly increased risk of ovarian cysts. We performed the present study to reveal how

Consider nonbacktracking convolutional decoders that keep a fixed number of trellis survivors. It is shown that the error performance of these depends on the early part of the distance profile and on the number of survivors kept, and not on the free distance or the details of the code generators. Particularly, the encoder may be feedforward systematic without loss. Furthermore, this kind of encode

The natural frequencies or the singularity expansion method (SEM) poles are computed for circular disks. We treat the acoustically soft disk, i.e, the Dirichlet boundary condition, and the perfectly conducting disk. The poles are found by an application of theT-matrix method by searching the zeros of a determinant. The poles associated with the first values of the azimuthal indexmare shown in both

OBJECTIVE: To study the information gained by extending a well-established instrument of dependence/independence in activities of daily living with a self-rating of difficulty, and to illustrate the relevance and usefulness of this combined approach with cross-national data. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Cross-sectional survey study data collected with 1918 very old persons in 5 European countries. METHODS

The press-fit condylar (PFC) cruciate-retaining total knee prosthesis is well documented in the literature. In 1997, a modification of the femoral component was introduced, and the prosthesis was renamed PFC-Sigma. The alteration may influence the migratory and rotational pattern of the tibial component and thus long-time survival rate. In this radiostereometric analysis, we found that the micromo