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A Qualitative Study on Barriers to COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among Community Members in Tanzania

The use of vaccines is one of the key tools in reversing the COVID-19 pandemic; however, various reports reported the low uptake of the vaccines. This study explored the barriers to the COVID-19 vaccine uptake among community members in Tanzania. A qualitative explorative study was conducted in December 2021 and April 2022 in eight regions of Tanzania. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth i

Evaluating the Potential of Annual Solar Heat Gains from Manually Operated Shading System

Occupant behavior towards manual solar shading systems affects the energy performance of buildings. Behavior depends on several aspects which interact in a nontrivial way. This paper presents a simple prediction model of behavior based on self-reported use of manual shading and a user survey. The specific model is applicable to the case study building, which is an office building in Gothenburg, Sw

Thermal boundary condition studies in large aspect ratio Rayleigh–Bénard convection

We study the influence of thermal boundary conditions on large aspect ratio Rayleigh–Bénard convection by a joint analysis of experimental and numerical data sets for a Prandtl number Pr=7 and Rayleigh numbers Ra=105−106. The spatio-temporal experimental data are obtained by combined Particle Image Velocimetry and Particle Image Thermometry measurements in a cuboid cell filled with water at an asp

Effects from Time Dependence of Ice Nucleus Activity for Contrasting Cloud Types

The role of time-dependent freezing of ice nucleating particles (INPs) is evaluated with the “Aerosol–Cloud” (AC) model in 1) deep convection observed over Oklahoma during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Cloud Experiment (MC3E), 2) orographic clouds observed over North California during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Cloud Aerosol Precipitation Experiment (ACAPEX), and 3) super

Making policy-relevant knowledge in the IPCC Special Report on 1.5 degrees : An analysis of reviewer comments

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) maintains a fine balance between scientific credibility and policy-relevance. The IPCC's review process plays an important role in ensuring that this takes place. This paper looks at the review process of the Summary for Policymakers of the Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 Degrees (SR15) published in 2018. We apply a framework for the mak

Circulating tumour HPV16 DNA quantification – A prognostic tool for progression-free survival in patients with HPV-related oropharyngeal carcinoma receiving curative chemoradiotherapy

Background and Purpose: Circulating tumour (ct) human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA is detectable in HPV-related oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPSCC) patients and has the potential to become an important clinical tool. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of ctHPV16-DNA kinetics during treatment with chemoradiotherapy in HPV-related OPSCC. Patients with p16-positive OPSCC recruited to th

Identification of the ca. 720 Ma Irkutsk LIP and its plume centre in southern Siberia : The initiation of Laurentia-Siberia separation

Widespread 720 Ma magmatism has been linked with the break-up of Rodinia and the onset of the Sturtian ‘Snowball Earth’ event. We report a new U-Pb baddeleyite age from the Baikal dyke subswarm in southern Siberia which increases the known extent of the 720 Ma Irkutsk LIP and confirms a previous hypothesis that the Baikal and Sayan subswarms converge at the southern tip of the Irkutsk promontory.

Migration as adaptation to freshwater and inland hydroclimatic changes? A meta-review of existing evidence

Due to its potential geo-political and environmental implications, climate migration is an increasing concern to the international community. However, while there is considerable attention devoted to migration in response to sea-level rise, there is a limited understanding of human mobility due to freshwater and inland hydroclimatic changes. Hence, the aim of this paper is to examine the existing

Decomposition pathways in nano-lamellar CVD Ti0.2Al0.8N

Recent progress in chemical vapour deposition (CVD) technology has enabled synthesis of metastable cubic Ti1−xAlxN coatings with x as high as 0.8–0.9. These coatings have unique micro- and nano-structures consisting of grains with epitaxially grown nanolamellae with different Al/Ti ratios, and exhibit exceptional hardness and resistance to wear and oxidation. Here, the thermal stability and decomp

Exposure to long-term source-specific transportation noise and incident breast cancer : A pooled study of eight Nordic cohorts

Background: Environmental noise is an important environmental exposure that can affect health. An association between transportation noise and breast cancer incidence has been suggested, although current evidence is limited. We investigated the pooled association between long-term exposure to transportation noise and breast cancer incidence. Methods: Pooled data from eight Nordic cohorts provided

Pivmecillinam with Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid as step down oral therapy in febrile Urinary Tract Infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (PACUTI)

BackgroundOral treatment alternatives for febrile urinary tract infections are limited in the era of increasing antimicrobial resistance. We aim to evaluate if the combination of pivmecillinam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid is non-inferior to current alternatives for step-down therapy in adult patients with febrile urinary tract infection.MethodsWe plan to perform an investigator-initiated non-in

Association Between Prenatal and Early Postnatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and IQ Score in 7-Year-Old Children From the Odense Child Cohort

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent chemicals capable of crossing the placenta and passing into breast milk. Evidence suggests that PFAS exposure may affect brain development. We investigated whether prenatal or early postnatal PFAS exposure was associated with intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in schoolchildren from the Odense Child Cohort (Denmark, 2010–2020). We assessed concentrati

Design of an AI Support for Diagnosis of Dyspneic Adults at Time of Triage in the Emergency Department

We created an AI support for diagnosis in dyspneic adults at time of triage in the emergency department.Complete data from an entire regional health care system was analyzed, to find AI-derived, unknown, important diagnostic predictors. Most important were prior diagnoses of heart failure or COPD, daily smoking, atrial fibrillation/flutter, life difficulties and maternal care.Sensitivity for AHF,

Neuropsychological outcome after cardiac arrest : results from a sub-study of the targeted hypothermia versus targeted normothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (TTM2) trial

Background: Cognitive impairment is common following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), but the nature of the impairment is poorly understood. Our objective was to describe cognitive impairment in OHCA survivors, with the hypothesis that OHCA survivors would perform significantly worse on neuropsychological tests of cognition than controls with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Another aim was

Measurements of the laminar burning velocities of small alkyl esters using the heat flux method : A comparative study

Consistent datasets of the laminar burning velocity, LBV, for homologous fuels are indispensable for the elucidation of the structure-reactivity trends and the development and validation of pertinent detailed kinetic models. In the present study, all available LBV measurements for small alkyl esters obtained using the heat flux method have been reviewed. New results of the LBV for methyl propionat

Degradation of 75 organic micropollutants in fresh human urine and water by UV advanced oxidation process

In household wastewater, a large proportion of organic micropollutants (OMPs) load is attributed to human urine. OMPs could pose a risk to human and environmental health when urine collected in source-separating sanitation systems is recycled as crop fertiliser. This study evaluated degradation of 75 OMPs in human urine treated by a UV-based advanced oxidation process. Fresh urine and water sample