BACKGROUND: Serious infections have been observed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on anti-TNF use-but to what extent these infections are due to anti-TNF or the disease activity per se is hard to disentangle. We aimed to describe how the rates of serious infections change over time both before and after starting anti-TNF in IBD.METHODS: Inflammatory bowel disease patients naïve t

A comprehensive study of the co-evolution of globular cluster systems (GCS) in galaxies requires the ability to model both the large-scale dynamics (0.01–10 kpc) regulating their orbital evolution, and the small-scale dynamics (sub-pc – au) regulating the internal dynamics of each globular cluster (GC). In this work, we present a novel method that combine semi-analytic models of GCS with fully sel

Stability control of a vehicle in autonomous safety-critical at-the-limit manoeuvres is analysed from the perspective of lane keeping or lane changing, rather than that of yaw control as in traditional ESC systems. An optimal control formulation is developed, where the optimisation criterion is a linear combination of the initial and final velocity of the manoeuvre. Varying the interpolation param

Cesium lead halides are a family of bright, visible-light emitting materials with near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) in nanocrystals (NCs). The usual way to achieve visible light-emission tunability is by mixing halides, which often leads to phase separation and poor stability. While the NCs should also show size-dependent PL emission, reports on strong quantum confinement in these

Humans are exposed to various metals through many different routes and each person’s genetic background contributes to their susceptibility to metal toxicity. In addition, recent evidence points to a role for the genetics of the human microbiome in metal uptake and toxicity. DNA sequence variation in genes that regulate metal toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics influences metal accumulation and rete

This study aimed to quantify the influence of clays and partially oxidised cellulose nanofibrils (OCNF) on gelation as well as characterise their physical and chemical interactions. Mixtures of Laponite and montmorillonite clays with OCNF form shear-thinning gels that are more viscous across the entire shear range than OCNF on its own. Viscosity and other rheological properties can be fine-tuned u

Ensilication is a novel method of protein thermal stabilisation using silica. It uses a modified sol-gel process which tailor fits a protective silica shell around the solvent accessible protein surface. This, electrostatically attached, shell has been found to protect the protein against thermal influences and retains its native structure and function after release. Here, we report the calorimetr

Determination of the atomic structure of solid surfaces typically depends on comparison of measured properties with simulations based on hypothesized structural models. For simple structures, the models may be guessed, but for more complex structures there is a need for reliable theory-based search algorithms. So far, such methods have been limited by the combinatorial complexity and computational

Introduction: Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless and odorless gas that is a leading cause of environmental poisoning in the USA with substantial mortality and morbidity. The mechanism of CO poisoning is complex and includes hypoxia, inflammation, and leukocyte sequestration in brain microvessel segments leading to increased reactive oxygen species. Another important pathway is the effects of CO o

The work of defence lawyers entails managing emotions to ensure that they remain appropriate to the situation - whether that be a criminal trial or the law offices. This demands emotional dexterity and interactional skill, not least due to the particular role of defence lawyers who work closely with clients, view gruesome evidence and who often face moral suspicion. This chapter explores the vario