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Chiral cyclophanes were synthesized by cyclodimerization of 2,7-diaza-1,2,3,6,7,8-hexahydropyrene N-acylated with l-amino acids through stepwise nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene.

The combination of microwave-induced (2450 MHz) hyperthermia and ionizing radiation was used in 7 patients with superficial malignant tumours, which were considered refractory to other therapy. A newly developed heating system was used, allowing for a maintained temperature at the master probe of 42.5 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C during 45 min, but temperature measurements at multiple sites showed

Studies of research utilization have not taken up Janet Weiss's challenge: to make local research utilization policies understandable in institutional contexts. This article presents research from three different policy sectors: the social services; building and planning; and the working life area. The results of the studies are presented as typical patterns of utilization. The purpose of the arti

Numerous linkage studies have indicated chromosome 18q21–22 as a locus of importance for blood pressure regulation. This locus harbors the neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 4-like (NEDD4L) gene, which is instrumental for the regulation of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). In a linkage study of 16 markers (including two single nucleotide polymorph

Popular Abstract in Swedish Dagens storskaliga tillverkning baseras på varor med relativt kort livstid och lågt pris. Vinsterna för tillverkarna kommer från den stora mängden sålda varor. Det finns dock inom många industribranscher krympande vinstmarginaler och många företag söker därför efter nya källor för att uppnå bättre rörelseresultat. Även miljöfrågorna är en utmaning för industrin. VäxandeLife cycle environmental problems have been addressed by a number of strategies. However, the results are mostly lamentable because solutions are searched for within the same paradigms that give rise to the problems. This research questions the vision of linear material growth and searches for ways to sustain economic growth without putting the natural environment under stress. The research explor

External ATP has been proposed to be an autocrine regulator of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and responsible for the synchronization of the Ca2+ rhythmicity in the P-cells required for a pulsatile release of insulin from the pancreas. The importance of external ATP for glucose-stimulated insulin release was evaluated in rats with the aid of 2-deoxy-N-methyladenosine3,5-bisphosphate (MRS 217

Using angle resolved photoemission we have investigated annealing-induced changes in Ga1-xMnxAs with x=0.05. We find that the position of the Fermi energy is a function of annealing time and temperature. It is also established that the Curie temperature is strongly correlated to the separation between the Fermi level and the valence band maximum. Valence band photoemission shows that the Mn3d spec

Glazed spaces ranging from small glazed verandas to large atrium buildings have become a common feature in architecture. A glazed space is greatly affected by aspects of the outside climate such as insolation and temperature. In the design of such spaces, more sophisticated design tools are therefore required in order to estimate the climate inside the glazed space and the energy requirements for

A critical review of some main themes in the book.

The combination of quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) is one of the most promising approaches to study the structure, function, and properties of proteins. We here review our applications of QM/MM methods to alcohol dehydrogenase, blue copper proteins, iron–sulphur clusters, ferrochelatase, and myoglobin. We also describe our new quantum refinement method, which is a combination of

In this report a rather comprehensive analysis is made of the frost and salt scaling resistance of concrete. Both theoretical and empirical information are provided. On that basis recommendations are given for the concrete quality that is required for a certain service life and also recommendations for testing of concrete with regard to its potential frost resistance.

In phenotype experiments in mice, determination of dynamic insulin sensitivity often uses the insulin tolerance test. However, the interpretation of this test is complicated by the counterregulation occurring at low glucose. To overcome this problem, we determined the dynamic insulin sensitivity after inhibition of endogenous insulin secretion by diazoxide (25 mg/kg) in association with intravenou