In this article, we study the n - pi* electronic transition in aqueous microsolvated formaldehyde using the coupled cluster (CC) and coupled cluster/molecular mechanics (CC/MM) methods. The CC models used are the coupled cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) and the coupled cluster second-order approximate singles and doubles (CC2) methods. The CC/MM model includes electrostatic and mutual polarizati

Proteins are composed of 20 different amino acids. In the translation process, each of these 20 amino acids is specifically recognized by their cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. The fidelity of this recognition system is essential if translation is to function properly. The development of an in vitro system based on this recognition scheme would make a powerful analytical tool with which to analy

Magnetic and related properties of rocks and products from oxidation of sulphide minerals have been investigated with magnetisation measurements (rocks and oxidation products), magnetic force microscopy (rocks), scanning electron microscopy (rocks and oxidation products), transmission electron microscopy (oxidation products), Mössbauer spectroscopy (oxidation products) and powder X-ray diffraction

Abstract is not available

The article pins down problems of urbanization, poverty, and youth at risk, focusing on the situation of young women in African slums.

Under an artificial light: dark cycle, females of Lampronia capitella were observed calling, with extended terminal abdominal segments, during the first 2 hr of the photoperiod. Extracts of terminal abdominal segments from females elicited large electroantennographic responses from male antennae. Gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection revealed three active peaks. Based on comparis

The orchid Ophrys sphegodes Miller is pollinated by sexually excited males of the solitary bee Andrena nigroaenea, which are lured to the flowers by visual cues and volatile semiochemicals. In O. sphegodes, visits by pollinators are rare. Because of this low frequency of pollination, one would expect the evolution of strategies that increase the chance that males will visit more than one flower on

Power consumption in liquid-crystal displays is analyzed by including frequent polarity reversals and duty-cycle control. A multistep voltage profile is proposed to reduce the power consumption of multiplexed and nonmultiplexed displays. The authors have also shown that the reduction in the power consumption can be achieved with a minimal increase in hardware complexity of the drive electronics.

We consider single-molecule fluorescence experiments with data in the form of counts of photons registered over multiple time-intervals. Based on the observation schemes, linking back to works by Dehmelt [Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 20 (1975) 60] and Cook and Kimble [Phys. Rev. Lett. 54 (1985) 1023], we propose an analytical approach to the data based on the theory of Markov-modulated Poisson processes (

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the extent of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and TNFbeta gene polymorphism in patients with AD and to relate it to intrathecal levels of these cytokines. METHODS: Analyses of TNFalpha and TNFbeta gene polymorphism were performed using PCR in 52 patients with AD and in 25 control subjects, and the levels of corresponding cytokines were analyzed using ELISA. RESULTS: Pa

Girls take up smoking at least as frequently as boys. Few studies have focused on gender differences in the impact of adolescent smoking. We evaluated the sex-specific effect of adolescent smoking on respiratory symptoms and lung function. All students in junior high and high schools in Nord-Trondelag County Norway, 1995-97, were invited to participate in a cross-sectional study. Information on sm

Metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5) modulates dopamine and glutamate neurotransmission at central synapses. In this study, we addressed the role of mGluR5 in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia, a movement disorder that is due to abnormal activation of both dopamine and glutamate receptors in the basal ganglia. A selective and potent mGluR5 antagonist, 3-[(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl] pyri