In this paper, the execution and results of an evacuation experiment that was conducted in a road tunnel in Stockholm in 2014 is presented. The primary objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effectiveness of different emergency exit portal designs, and other technical installations/aids in the tunnel, during a fire evacuation in smoke. Based on the results, it is concluded that the emerge

A simple method of widespread applicability in determining double bond positions in C12, C14, and C16 straight-chain monounsaturated acetates is presented. The analysis is made with a capillary gas chromatograph coupled to a low-resolution mass spectrometer which is operated in the electron impact mode. No chemical derlvatlzation of the unknowns is needed. Five pairs of selected mass spectral frag

The evacuation of disabled persons from multi-storey buildings requires, typically, the provision and use o Areas of Refuge (AoR). Building complexity, together with the low level of detail in the regulatory guidance- relating to AoR signage, may lead to inappropriate signage system designs. In turn. this may lead to difficulties in locating and or identifying AoR. This paper illustrates the use o

Female turnip moths (Agrotis segetum) from a laboratory culture inbred for more than 30 generations, and the offspring (first and third generation) from field-collected insects were analyzed individually for acetates and alcohols in the pheromone gland. Quantitative analysis of individual components was performed at the subnanogram level by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (selected ion monitor

The response of individual male turnip moths Agrotis segetum was observed in a sustained flight tunnel to a mixture of decyl acetate, (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate in proportions similar to those found in gland extracts from virgin females (0.6: 1:5:2.5). Lures containing 3-30 μg (Z)-5-decenyl acetate proved to be maximally attractive, with approxim

Mass spectrometric determination of moth pheromone components by means of selected ion monitoring with electron impact and chemical ionization has been evaluated. For the analysis of acetates, chemical ionization with ammonia as reactant gas proved advantageous with respect to sensitivity and selectivity. A quantitative assay for determination of pheromone samples from individual turnip moth femal

ABSTRACT. Single sensillum recordings were made from male antennal pheromone receptors of Agrotis segetum (Schiff.) (Noctuidae) and Adoxophyes orana (F.v.R.) (Tortricidae). A gas chromatograph (GC) was used to prepare and to deliver the odour stimuli. Samples of female abdominal gland extracts were injected into the column of the GC and the responses of the receptor cells to the effluent were reco

Gas chromatographic analyses coupled with electro‐antennographic detection indicated that (Z,E)‐9,11‐tetradecadienyl acetate (Z,E‐9,11–14Ac) is a pheromone component of the cone pyralid Dioryctria abietella. Gas chromatographic − mass spectrometric analyses confirmed the presence of a tetradecadienyl acetate with mass spectrum and retention index identical to Z,E‐9,11–14Ac. A receptor cell sensiti

Analysis of female abdominal tips of Agrotis segetum by means of GC-MS showed the presence of 13 aliphatic acetates and alcohols. (Z)-7-Dodecenyl acetate was found to be the main component in the extracts at amounts of about 1 ng/female. (Z)-9-Tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecenol were present to the extent of 49 and 19%, respectively, of the main component. Minor components could be identified

Road tunnel fires are non-recurrent events which have led the researchers to investigate on the best risk analysis methodology. At the moment, the European Directive 2004/54/EC on minimum safety requirements for tunnels in the Trans-European road network gives only general statements. Consequently, practitioners have often difficulties to define the best way to ensure the desired safety conditions

This article presents a glossary of terms that are frequently used in research onhuman crowds. This topic is inherently multidisciplinary as it includes work in and across computer science, engineering, mathematics, physics, psychology and social science, for example. We do not view the glossary presented here as a collection of finalised and formal definitions. Instead, we suggest it is a snapsho

Evacuation models can adopt different approaches for the simulation of human behaviour in fire. This paper provides an overview of the most commonly used modelling methods to represent the evacuation process in a fire scenario. This is presented through a structure matching the engineering time-line model of evacuation. The evacuation model development process is discussed considering both data-dr

Den ekonomiska brottsligheten må vara högre i områden som Limhamn och Västra hamnen, men det är brott där polisen oftast inte behöver sätta in massiva razzior, skriver Ardavan Khoshnood, docent i akutsjukvård vid Lunds universitet och kriminolog.Economic crime may be higher in areas such as Limhamn and Västra hamnen, but these are crimes where the police usually do not need to launch massive raids, writes Ardavan Khoshnood, associate professor in emergency medicine at Lund University and criminologist.

Stair-ascending at maximum ability is required during emergency evacuations to reach a safe refuge from deep underground structures. We hypothesized that an ascent can last maximum 5 min at the individual’s maximum step rate (SR), and oxygen uptake (V˙O2) would not reach a stable state. This study explored stair-ascending endurance and some physiological constraints of performance. Eighteen health

Objective: Falls and related injuries are known to be the major health problem leading to disability and mortality among older adults. Identification and management of fall risks aimed to prevent falling is considered to be essential. The aim of this study was to develop a mobile application for screening and management of fall risks based for older adults. Method and materials: First, we determin

Objective: Infections in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have been thoroughly investigated in the setting of clinical trials and single-center studies. However, large cohort studies on real-world data and studies on temporal trends are lacking. We performed a nationwide study on serious bacterial infections in CLL. Methods: Using high-quality Swedish government-based registries, 13 009 CLL pati

Context: Breathlessness is a cardinal symptom in cardiorespiratory disease and consists of multiple dimensions that can be measured using the instruments Dyspnea-12 (D12) and the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile (MDP). Objectives: The objective of the study is to determine the minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) of all D12 and MDP summary and subdomain scores as well as the instrument

Introduction: Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a progressive and potentially life-threatening disease characterized by complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy. Patients with aHUS may experience fatigue, which can negatively impact their lives, but there is a knowledge gap regarding disease burden in these patients. Methods: In this longitudinal study, patients with aHUS from the