Bacteria appeared on the Earth millions years before us and human evolution was triggered by the constant presence of pathogenic and symbiotic microorganisms in our surroundings. Interplay occurred between higher organism and microbial consortia residing in the host organs and on the epithelial surfaces; another natural space of bacteria human interaction is the indoor environment where we spend t

Many cyber-physical systems comprise several control applications sharing communication and computation resources. The design of such systems requires special attention due to the complex timing behavior that can lead to poor control quality or even instability. The two main requirements of control applications are: (1) robustness and, in particular, stability and (2) high control quality. Althoug

Halisaurine mosasaurs are poorly known, represented by a small number of specimens from the Santonian-Maastrichtian (similar to 86 Ma - similar to 66 Ma), but enjoyed broad palaeobiogeographic distribution during that time. They are important for understanding mosasaur evolution because certain aspects of their morphology retain the relatively plesiomorphic or minimally modified squamate condition

Two new types of multipass gas cells with circular and elliptical cross-sections were developed. As for a cylindrical cell, the reflected rays in the circle would be an irregular trace without superposition and termination, if its central angle is a bit more than 2 pi/3 for an example. Each two adjacent reflected points have the same optical path difference and optical light passes through differe

To obtain insights into the coupling between community composition, diversity and community function, bacterioplankton assemblages from the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea) were exposed to increasing environmental stress throughout 2 wk in continuous seawater cultures to construct communities differing in composition and diversity. The assemblages were exposed to (1) decreased temperature,

Hydrogen normally occurs as hydroxyl ions related to defects at specific crystallographic sites in the structures, and is normally characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). For quantification purposes the FTIR technique has proven to be less precise since calibrations against independent methods are needed. Hydrogen analysis by the NMP technique can solve many of the problems, due to the low

The life-history parameters of most living organisms are modified by fluctuations in environmental conditions. The impact of environmental autocorrelation on population persistence is well understood in single species systems. However, in multi-species communities the impact of stochasticity is complicated by the possibility of different species having differing intrinsic responses to the environm

To explore interactions between climate and peatland hydrology, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing at four raised bogs in southern Sweden were subject to a dendroclimatological study. Radial tree growth reflecting climate and water table fluctuations over multiannual periods was detected as significant negative correlations between tree-ring width (TRW) chronologies and the preceding one to

Airway infections are known to cause exacerbations of allergy and asthma. Tonsils constitute a primary site for microbial recognition and triggering of the immune system in the airways. Human β-defensins (HBDs) are antimicrobial peptides with an important role in this defense. Our aim was to investigate HBD1-3 in tonsillar tissue and their potential role in allergic rhinitis (AR). Tonsils, obtaine

Chemical regulation allows non-in vivo testing (i.e. in silico-derived and in vitro-derived) information to replace experimental values from in vivo studies in hazard and risk assessments. Although non-in vitro testing information on chemical activities or properties is subject to added uncertainty as compared to in vivo testing information, this uncertainty is commonly not (fully) taken into acco

Published studies have reported conflicting results regarding the effects of cinnamon on glucose, lipids and insulin. To gain further insight into the metabolic effects of Cinnamomum cassia we performed randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled study using euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp.

Much of the extant work on brand equity in business markets has focused on predicting brand loyalty as in what brand image elements that make buyers prefer to buy a brand The question what drives buyers to pay more or less for brands has however been somewhat overlooked despite price premium being a distinct and economically important outcome of a favourable brand image In an attempt to answer thi

We investigated the duration of suppression-induced forgetting (SIF), and the extent to which retrieval suppression differs between negative and neutral memories. We further examined if SIF was differently affected by sleep versus wake during the delay interval between retrieval suppression and re-test. Fifty participants first learned to associate neutral words with either neutral or negative ima

The aim of this explorative study is to examine the theoretical and empirical notions in the business model of innovation that are influenced by use of management control systems (MCS). By means of a systematic literature review, the theoretical constructs are highlighted and related to the diagnostic and interactive uses of part of the MCS, namely the performance measurement systems (PMS), and thThe aim of this explorative study is to examine the theoretical and empirical notions in the business model of innovation that are influenced by use of management control systems (MCS). By means of a systematic literature review, the theoretical constructs are highlighted and related to the diagnostic and interactive uses of part of the MCS, namely the performance measurement systems (PMS), and th

Describing the motion in a vertical roller coaster loop requires a good understanding of Newton's laws, vectors and energy transformation. This paper describes how first-year students try to make sense of force and acceleration in this example of non-uniform circular motion, which was part of a written exam. In addition to an analysis of the exam solutions by about 60 students, a group interview w

that are influenced by use of management control systems (MCS). By means of a systematic literature review, the theoretical constructs are explored and related to part of the MCS, namely the performance measurement systems (PMS) and the business model of innovation (i.e. innovation input, process, output, and outcome). The results of the systematic literature review will be used to develop a set o

The Circumpolar North has been changing rapidly within the last decades, and the socioeconomic systems of the Eurasian Arctic and Siberia in particular have displayed the most dramatic changes. Here, anthropogenic drivers of environmental change such as migration and industrialization are added to climate-induced changes in the natural environment such as permafrost thawing and increased frequency