Background and Purpose: Leptin, an important hormone for body weight regulation, may be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular manifestations of obesity. We tested whether leptin may be an independent risk marker for stroke in a case-referent study. Methods: Definitive acute stroke events, defined by MONICA criteria, were identified from October 1, 1995 to April 30, 1999. Referents without

Many shorebirds travel over large sections of the globe during the course of their annual cycle and use habitats in many different biomes and climate zones. Increasing knowledge of the factors driving variations in shorebird numbers, phenotype and behaviour may allow shorebirds to serve as 'integrative sentinels' of global environmental change. On the basis of numbers, timing of migration, plumage

Ectomycorrhizal mycelial systems were grown in unsterile soil using specially designed growth chambers, and the respiratory activity of the mycelium was measured before and after its excision from the host roots. Approximately 30% of the total respiration in the intact system was attributable to the mycorrhizal mycelium in the soil. Severance of mycelial connections at the roots lead to a greater

The interaction between localized and extended vibrational modes in solids is of central importance in understanding how local vibrational modes decay into phonons. Interstitial oxygen (O-i) in silicon is a model system for studying such interactions. Using hydrostatic pressure, we have brought the antisymmetric stretch mode of O-18(i) in silicon into resonance with the second harmonic of the O-18

Formal closed models for vehicular traffic flow are obtained based on the novel equilibrium solution of the Prigogine--Herman equation. To that effect, Hilbert and Chapman--Enskog asymptotic series expansions are employed, obtaining the Euler and Navier--Stokes equivalent equations for traffic flow.

In this paper, we present the expression and characterization of two novel enzymes from the a-amylase family exhibiting cyclomaltodextrinase specificity. The nucleotide sequences encoding the enzymes were isolated from the genomic DNA of two thermophilic bacterial strains originating from Icelandic hot springs and belonging to the genera Anoxybacillus (AfCda13) and Laceyella (LsCda13). The genes w

Using exact dispersion relations for electromagnetic wave propagation in layered, periodic media, consisting of two phases, we derive explicit asymptotic solutions for small wavenumbers. These solutions are compared to the numerical solutions of the exact dispersion relations, and applications to homogenization problems are discussed. The results can be used as test cases for homogenization techni

The many-body theory of photoemission in solids is reviewed with emphasis on methods based on response theory. The classification of diagrams into loss and no-loss diagrams is discussed and related to Keldysh path-ordering book-keeping. Some new results on energy losses in valence-electron photoemission from free-electron-like metal surfaces are presented. A way to group diagrams is presented in w

The ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus efficiently took up exogenously supplied [C-14]alanine and rapidly converted it to pyruvate, citrate, succinate, fumarate and to CO2, thus providing direct evidence for the utilisation of alanine as a respiratory substrate. [C-14]alanine was further actively metabolised to glutamate, glutamine and aspartate. Exposure to aminooxyacetate completely suppr

Swedish cross-sectional survey data on young individuals was used to analyse the determinants of perceived risks of alcohol use and how these perceptions relate to drinking behaviour. Three major conclusions were drawn: (1) that people overestimate the risks of alcoholism, (2) that these risk perceptions fall substantially with age, but nevertheless imply risk overestimation, and (3) that educatio

This study examined the role of P and type 1 fimbriae for neutrophil migration across Escherichia coli-infected uroepithelial cell layers in vitro and for neutrophil recruitment to the urinary tract in vivo. Recombinant E. coli K-12 strains differing in P or type 1 fimbrial expression were used to infect confluent epithelial layers on the underside of transwell inserts. Neutrophils were added to t

With a photoreversibly photochromic regulator pigment such as phytochrome, linear action dichroism could theoretically be obtained after photoselection even if the molecules are initially randomly oriented. If randomly oriented Pr (red-absorbing phytochrome) (plant photoregulators) molecules are partially converted to Pfr (far-red absorbing phytochrome) molecules by plane-polarized red light, thos

Objective: To evaluate whether T cells expressing CCR5 and CXCR3 from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are more resistant to apoptosis. Methods: Expression of CD69, TNF-R1, Fas, FasL, bcl-2, and bax was investigated in 41 MS patients and 12 healthy controls by flow cytometry in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing CCR5 and CXCR3. Results: In MS patients, the percentage of CD69 was increased and Fas ex

OBJECTIVE: The authors synthesize findings of previous studies implicating migration as a risk factor for the development of schizophrenia and provide a quantitative index of the associated effect size. METHOD: MEDLINE was searched for population-based incidence studies concerning migrants in English-language publications appearing between the years 1977 and 2003. Article bibliographies and an Aus

The objective was to elucidate hemodynamic adaptation in very low birth weight (

We have reported that epidermal Langerhans cells possess an H+-extruding mechanism signalling their existence in an anaerobic environment. This study highlights the energy metabolism of human epidermis. In their habitual state the keratinocytes contain more lactate than do most other cell types. Their lactate production in vitro is vigorous and independent of oxygen and most of it is released to t

It has been proposed that the developmentally supportive care of very-low-birthweight (VLBW) infants provided by the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) can improve the infants’ opportunities for rest and sleep. The aim of the present study was to determine whether quiet sleep (QS) in VLBW infants is affected by NIDCAP care. Twenty-two infants with a gestation