Dosage compensation, the process whereby expression of sex-linked genes remains similar between sexes (despite heterogamety) and balanced with autosomal expression, was long believed to be essential. However, recent research has shown that several lineages, including birds, butterflies, monotremes and sticklebacks, lack chromosome-wide dosage compensation mechanisms and do not completely balance t

The purpose of this study was to increase the understanding of, and develop a model to explain, interrelations between purchasing strategies carried out by buyers within vaccine supply chains for developing countries and their buyer-supplier power structure. In the humanitarian aid context, availability of required goods (e.g. health related products) at the right time and place is of vital import

In this article I study the thought of French mathematician and philosopher Charles de Bovelles (1479-1553) on wisdom and man's place in creation.

Outcome questionnaires are increasingly being established as a validated mode of acquiring unbiased information on the results after health interventions. Using an assortment of questionnaires, distributed by mail to 27 372 and to a subgroup of 3 600 patients on file in the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty register (SKAR), relevant questionnaires were found to represent a feasable means of acquiring info

ABSTRACT:

In contrast to the associated with thromboembolic event type 1 myocardial infarction, type 2 myocardial infarction is caused by acute imbalance between oxygen supply and demand of myocardium. Type 2 myocardial infarction may be present in patients with or without obstructive coronary artery disease, but knowledge about patient characteristics, treatments, and outcome in relation to coronary artery

The covariances in spatial models are estimated by linear smoothing of products of residuals. In the model no parametric assumptions are made about the mean function or the spatial dependence. Both are assumed to be smooth. Smoothing is based on local polynomials, though any linear smoother is possible to use. Expressions for the mean and the covariance of this estimator are developed and a versio

Summary: Reduction of the cerebral perfusion pressure caused by vessel occlusion or stenosis is a cause of neurological symptoms and border-zone infarctions. The aim of this article is to describe perfusion patterns in hemodynamic stroke, to give a practical approach for the assessment of colour encoded CT- and MR-perfusion maps and to demonstrate the clinical use of comprehensive imaging in the w

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen består av tre separata papper. De är alla empiriska studier som undersöker hur fragmentering av produktionsprocesser och globala utbudskedjor har påverkat internationell handel. Den första studien fokuserar på hur privata standarder i den alltmer globaliserade livsmedelsindustrin påverkar företags importbeteende. Genom att ge en kvalitetsförsäkran kan certThis thesis consists of three separate papers. They are all empirical papers that examine how fragmentation of production processes and global value chains have affected international trade patterns. The first paper focuses on how private standards in the increasingly geographically fragmented food sector affect firm-import behaviour. By providing a quality insurance for the imported good, certif

In this article, I present evidence that Old Mongolian had preaspirated stops and affricates, like modern Halh Mongolian. The evidence consists of a number of historical phonological processes where two consonants on either side of a vowel interact with each other, and which are best explained by the assumption that the preceding consonant is postaspirated and the following one is preaspirated.

The connection between pancreatic cancer and venous thrombosis has been discussed for almost 150 years. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms are still partly understood, but it is known that pancreatic cancer induces a prothrombotic and hypercoagulable state and genetic events involved in neoplastic transformation (e.g., KRAS, c-MET, p53), procoagulant factors [e.g., tissue factor (TF), platele

Macromolecular drugs hold great promise as novel therapeutics of several major disorders, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, their use is limited by lack of efficient, safe, and specific delivery strategies. Successful development of such strategies requires interdisciplinary collaborations involving researchers with expertise on e.g., polymer chemistry, cell biology, nano technol

Popular Abstract in Swedish Undertrycksbehandling av sår (negative pressure wound therapy, NPWT) har förekommit under lång tid i olika utföranden. Sedan slutet av 1990-talet har användningen av tekniken ökat kraftigt inom flera kliniska discipliner eftersom effekten på sårläkning visat sig vara mycket god för många olika sårtyper. Trots omfattande forskning saknas det fortfarande kunskaper om hur Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) promotes wound healing through several mechanisms, e.g., altered periwound blood flow, mechanical deformation of the wound edge tissue, and drainage of excess fluid and debris. The general aim of this thesis was to study the impact of different levels of negative pressure, different wound filling materials (foam or gauze), and different ways of applying the n

This paper concerns the use of Sequential Monte Carlo methods (SMC) for smoothing in general state space models. A well known problem when applying the standard SMC technique in the smoothing mode is that the resampling mechanism introduces degeneracy of the approximation in the path-space. However, when performing maximum likelihood estimation via the EM algorithm, all involved functionals will b