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Objectives: This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows:. To assess the benefits and harms of TNF inhibitors in comparison with placebo and other treatment strategies in adult patients affected by psoriatic arthritis.
BACKGROUND: Fragrance mix II (FM II) is included in the baseline patch test series recommended by the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG). Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (HICC) is the most important sensitizer of the 6 fragrance materials included in FM II. Besides being a part of FM II, HICC is also tested separately in the ICDRG baseline series. OBJECTIVES: The
Lithium-rich stars in globular clusters are rare. Only 14 have been found so far, in different evolutionary phases from dwarfs to giants. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain this enhancement, but it is still an open problem. Using spectra collected within the Gaia-ESO Survey, obtained with the GIRAFFE spectrograph at the ESO Very Large Telescope, we present the discovery of the firs
PRDM (PRDI-BF1 and RIZ homology domain containing) family members are sequence-specific transcriptional regulators involved in cell identity and fate determination, often dysregulated in cancer. The PRDM15 gene is of particular interest, given its low expression in adult tissues and its overexpression in B-cell lymphomas. Despite its well characterized role in stem cell biology and during early de
A search for Higgs boson pair production via vector-boson fusion (VBF) in the bb¯ bb¯ final state is carried out with the ATLAS experiment using 126 fb−1 of proton- proton collision data delivered at s = 13 TeV by the Large Hadron Collider. This search is sensitive to VBF production of additional heavy bosons that may decay into Higgs boson pairs, and in a non-resonant topology it can constrain th
We present a method to retrieve the phase of XUV light generated through high-order harmonic generation, by observing the intensity dependence of the interference pattern in the far-field. This interference pattern arises from electron trajectories in the generation process. These trajectories spend different time in the continuum and the phase of the generated light will therefore depend differen
Photoionization is a fundamental process in which an electron is emitted from an atom. The emission is traditionally considered to be symmetric with respect to the polarization axis, unless it is temporally confined to a period shorter than an optical cycle time. We demonstrate that this symmetry can still be broken by combining a train of a few attosecond pulses and a dressing laser field. The li
Interferometric measurements based on the combination of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond pulse trains with weak infrared laser fields, have been successfully used to study time-resolved and recently angle-resolved photoemission in various atomic systems. These measurements rely on quantum interference between electron wavepackets created by absorption of XUV radiation, with further absorption
Above-threshold ionization is a corner stone of attsecond science. In this work we extend Fano's propensity rule to two-photon above-threshold ionization and show that the asymmetry between absorption and emission of the second photon predicted by this propensity rule has strong implications for angle-resolved pump-probe experiments and in particular for attosecond photoelectron interferometry.
There is a profound, almost symbiotic relation between electrons and photons. When light interacts with matter the electrons in the material will start to move and oscillate. When a charged particle, such as an electron, oscillates it will act as a dipole and emit light. We utilize this symbiotic relation and extend the control of light to the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) region using the newly devel
Thiophene is a cyclic molecule that becomes unstable as a molecular dication. We followed the multi-step dissociation dynamics triggered by soft x-ray FEL pulses from SACLA, core-ionizing the S 2p orbital and creating parent dications by the Auger decay. The time-evolution was probed by optical laser pulsesthat reveal the survival lifetime of the parent dication and the build-up of fragmentation p
Results from the first soft X-ray user experiment at the European XFEL on nonlinear photon-matter interaction will be presented. Angle-resolved electron time-of-flight spectroscopy employed at the AQS (Atomic- like Quantum Systems) endstation of the SQS (Small Quantum Systems) instrument reveals insight into the character of resonances in highly transient, core ionized neon ions, i.e. Ne:+ 1s12s22
In the interstellar medium polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules (PAH) are exposed to strong ionizing radation leading to complex organic photochemistry. We investigated these ultrafast fragmentation reac-tions after ionization of the PAHs phenanthrene, fluorene and pyrene at a wavelength of 30.3 nm using pump probe spectroscopy at a free electron laser. We observe double ionization and afterw
Background: It has been estimated that automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) is currently the fastest growing renal replacement therapy in the world. However, in light of the growing number of diabetic patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), the unwanted glucose absorption during APD remains problematic. Recent results, using an extended 3-pore model of APD, indicated that large reductions in glucose
Literature and experience show that there are large discrepancies between the calculated and measured building energy usages, where user-related parameters are significant factors with regard to energy use in low-energy buildings. Furthermore, the difficulties encountered when quantifying these parameters compound these discrepancies. The main aim of this study was to provide feedback that would h
Rapid deforestation is a major sustainability challenge, partly as the loss of carbon sinks exacerbates global climate change. In Cambodia, more than 13% of the total land area has been contracted out to foreign and domestic agribusinesses in the form of economic land concessions, causing rapid large-scale land use change and deforestation. Additionally, the distant drivers of local and global env
Background: Treatment of patients with late-stage parkinsonism is often sub-optimal. Objective: To test the effectiveness of recommendations by a movement disorder specialist with expertise in late-stage parkinsonism. Methods: Ninety-one patients with late-stage parkinsonism considered undertreated were included in apragmatic a pragmatic multi-center randomized-controlled trial with six-month foll
Non-technical summaryResilience is a cross-disciplinary concept that is relevant for understanding the sustainability of the social and environmental conditions in which we live. Most research normatively focuses on building or strengthening resilience, despite growing recognition of the importance of breaking the resilience of, and thus transforming, unsustainable social-ecological systems. Undes
Background: In patients with early hepatocellular cancer (HCC) and preserved liver function, the choice between transplantation, resection and ablation and which factors to consider is not obvious and guidelines differ. In this national cohort study, we aimed to compare posttreatment survival in patients fulfilling predefined criteria, and to analyse preoperative risk factors that could influence
