BACKGROUND: Recent preclinical research strongly suggests that dietary sugars can enhance colorectal tumorigenesis by direct action, particularly in the proximal colon that unabsorbed fructose reaches.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine long-term consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and total fructose in relation to incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) by anatomic subsite.METH

Previous studies have suggested a “cholesterol-lowering effect” of preclinical pancreatic cancer, suggesting lower total cholesterol as a potential diagnostic marker. Leveraging repeated measurements of total cholesterol, this study aims to examine the temporal association of total cholesterol and pancreatic cancer incidence. We conducted a nested case-control study based on a Korean National Heal

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop and externally validate a COVID-19 mortality risk prediction algorithm.DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.SETTING: Five designated tertiary hospitals for COVID-19 in Hubei province, China.PARTICIPANTS: We routinely collected medical data of 1364 confirmed adult patients with COVID-19 between 8 January and 19 March 2020. Among them, 1088 patients from two desi

The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is highly expressed in a variety of tumors. The transforming growth factor beta receptor type II (TGFBR2) is a downstream protein of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) which suppresses telomerase activity. However, the relevance of survival to the expression of TGFBR2, hTERT or TGFBR2/hTERT has not been previously investigated in cervical can

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the dominant histological type of esophageal cancer worldwide (90%). We aimed to provide an update of the global temporal trends in the incidence of ESCC.METHODS: Incidence data for ESCC were collected from 30 well-established cancer registries from 20 countries in Europe, Northern America, Australia, or Asia for 1970-2015. Time tre

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study aimed to develop a prediction model for identifying individuals at high absolute risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) for endoscopic screening at a curable stage based on readily identifiable risk factors.METHODS: This was a nationwide Swedish population-based, case-control study, including 167 new cases of ESCC and 820 randomly selected control partici

The last couple of years’ child/youth-led climate cases like Juliana v. US, Sacchi et al. v. Argentina et al. and the Duarte Agostinho case at the European Court of Human Rights have sparked the beginnings of a new sub-field of socio-legal child rights studies. The present paper systematically and critically reviews this emerging body of literature on rights-based climate litigation with children

Aim: Aspiration of the abscess cavity versus excision of capsule are still in debate for the capsulated, large, superficially located abscesses. Material and Methods: Twenty patients who had large, solitary, capsulated, and superficially located lobar abscesses were analyzed retrospectively to compare the efficiency of two different surgical approaches and their impact on postoperative antibiotic

1. Cytochrome P450 2D (CYP2D) protein is widely expressed across brain regions in human and rodents. We investigated the interactions between tramadol, a clinically used analgesic, and brain CYP2D regulators, by establishing concentration-time curves of tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol (M1) in rat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as by analyzing the analgesia-time course of tramadol.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with pathogenic mitochondrial (mt)DNA mutations. The majority of mtDNA point mutations have a heteroplasmic status, which is defined as the coexistence of wild-type and mutated DNA within a cell or tissue. Previous findings demonstrated that certain mtDNA heteroplasmic mutations contribute to widely spread chronic diseases, including cancer, and alterations

BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking strongly increases risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and moderately increases risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. How smoking cessation influences esophageal cancer risk across histological subtypes, time latencies, and geographic regions is not clear.METHODS: Studies were systematically searched on Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Clinical

This study is designed to evaluate the treatment effect of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) on axonal regeneration in experimental rat sciatic nerve damage, and compare the results of this modality with autologous nerve grafting. In Spraque-Dawley albino rats, 10-mm-long experimental nerve gaps were created. Three groups were constitute

Objective: This study aims to investigate the degree of biocompatibility and neuroregeneration of a polymer tube, poly-3-hydroxyoctanoate (PHO) in nerve gap repair. Methods: Forty Wistar Albino male rats were randomized into two groups: autologous nerve gap repair group and PHO tube repair group. In each group, a 10-mm right sciatic nerve defect was created and reconstructed accordingly. Neurorege

Context. This is a case of gonadotropinoma presented with Rathke's cleft cyst. Objective. We are presenting a case of gonadotropinoma along with Rathke's cleft cyst which is unique case as being male and symptomatic gonadotropin releasing adenoma. Method. A 51 year old man was referred to our institution for evaluation of impotence and loss of libido. His endocrine screening evaluations revealed h

Introduction: The toxic effects of onyx, its solvent dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), and n-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) were evaluated after infusion into the subaracnoid space of a rabbit model. Methods: Each of the two various concentrations of onyx, pure DMSO, NBCA, and normal saline solution were percutaneously infused into the pontocerebellar cisternae of 39 domestic male albino rabbits, after wh

Virchow-Robin spaces (VRSs) are perivascular pia-lined extensions of the subarachnoid space around the arteries and veins as they enter the brain parenchyma. The precise etiology of these enlarged perivascular spaces (PVSs) is unknown. VRSs usually do not cause significant mass effect and neurologic deterioration. However; cystic enlargement of giant VR spaces may be misinterpreted in radiological