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The article treats the problem why a descriptive grammar cannot avoid from being normative in some ways. some uses of language are always excluded. on the other hand a descriptive grammar should account for competing variants where there might be disagreement among the language users which expression is correct, i.e. should be accepted as norm. The descriptive grammar does not tell which variant i
The effect of long-term ethanol exposure on muscarinic receptors was investigated in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Exposure to 100 mM ethanol for 4 days enhanced both peak and steady-state levels of carbachol-stimulated inositol 1,4,5-bisphosphate increase. An ethanol concentration of 50 mM was sufficient for an enhancement of this event. The carbachol-stimulated decrease in [3H]inositol-labe
Background: Factors related to the metabolic syndrome and low levels of vitamin D have been implicated as risk factors for prostate cancer. Insofar, no studies have assessed their joint effects on prostate cancer risk. Methods: We studied (a) the associations of vitamin D with the metabolic syndrome factors body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and high-density lipoprotein choles
The present work reports on spectral transmission and scattering dependencies, the status of scattered light polarization for PLZT ceramics elements working in the electrically induced longitudinal light scattering mode. Experiments are done with the double optical integrated sphere technique. Several devices using the electrically controlled scattering effect are developed - eye occluders for stu
The majority of tumors from patients affected by hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) exhibit a mutator phenotype characterized by widespread microsatellite instability (MSI) and somatic mutations in repeated sequences in several cancer-associated genes. An inverse relationship between MSI and chromosomal instability (CIN) has been demonstrated and HNPCC-associated tumors are generall
Aims: To determine whether albuminuria, hypertension, or HbA(1c) are independently associated with antipericyte autoantibodies (APAAs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Two hundred ninety-nine subjects with different degrees of retinopathy according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Scale participated in this study. Albuminuria was defined as an albumin/creatinine ratio above t
BACKGROUND: Normal fertilization is usually considered to have occurred when two pronculei (2PN) and two polar bodies are observed. Exceptions are the single pronucleated zygote resulting from asynchronous pronuclei. CASE: A 29-year-old woman entered a program of intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer because of her husband's oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Two cleavage-stage embryos (
Background: Suspected appendicitis is one of the most common indications for acute laparotomy or laparoscopy. The negative laparotomy and laparoscopy rates are high, often in the range of 15-30%, and especially high in some groups of patients such as women of child-bearing age and young patients. Different scoring systems have been introduced in order to improve diagnostic accuracy. The aim of the
A noncatalytic route for the phosphonation of polysulfones was established in which lithiated sites on polysulfones were reacted with an excess of chlorophosphonic acid esters through an SNP(V) mechanism. Both the bisphenol A and biphenyl sulfone segments of the polysulfone main chain were modified according to whether brominated polysulfone or pristine polysulfone was used. Up to 50% of the repea
This paper presents the methodology and the main results of the SIGTEBAL project “GIS for the design, management, analysis and planning of school routes in the Balearic Islands” financed by the Balearic Government to a team of the University of the Balearic Islands. It is an example of application of GIS to the field of transport (GIS-t). The SIGTEBAL begins with the design of a geographic data ba
The value of bone mineral density (BMD) measurements to stratify fracture probability can be enhanced in a case-finding strategy that combines BMD measurement with independent clinical risk indicators. Putative risk indicators include age and gender, BMI or weight, prior fracture, the use of corticosteroids, and possibly others. The aim of the present study was to develop a mathematical framework
