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FRAX (TM) and the assessment of fracture probability in men and women from the UK

A fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX (TM)) is developed based on the use of clinical risk factors with or without bone mineral density tests applied to the UK. Introduction The aim of this study was to apply an assessment tool for the prediction of fracture in men and women with the use of clinical risk factors (CRFs) for fracture with and without the use of femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD

Substance abuse and psychiatric co-morbidity as predictors of premature mortality in Swedish drug abusers a prospective longitudinal study 1970-2006

Background: Few longitudinal cohort studies have focused on the impact of substances abused and psychiatric disorders on premature mortality. The aim of the present study was to identify predictors of increased risk of drug related death and non drug related death in substance abusers of opiates, stimulants, cannabis, sedatives/hypnotics, hallucinogens and alcohol over several decades. Methods: Fo

Genetic variation of CYP2C19 affects both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses to clopidogrel but not prasugrel in aspirin-treated patients with coronary artery disease

The metabolic pathways leading to the formation of prasugrel and clopidogrel active metabolites differ. We hypothesized that decreased CYP2C19 activity affects the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic response to clopidogrel but not prasugrel. Ninety-eight patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) taking either clopidogrel 600 mg loading dose (LD)/75 mg maintenance dose (MD) or prasugrel 60 mg LD

Bone Marrow Transplantation Confers Modest Benefits in Mouse Models of Huntington's Disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by an expanded polyglutamine tract in the protein huntingtin (htt). Although HD has historically been viewed as a brain-specific disease, htt is expressed ubiquitously, and recent studies indicate that mutant htt might cause changes to the immune system that could contribute to pathogenesis. Monocytes from HD patients and mouse models are hyperactive in response

Genes regulating molecular and cellular functions in noninfectious nonallergic rhinitis

Background: Chronic noninfectious, nonallergic rhinitis (NINAR) is a complex syndrome with a principally unknown pathophysiology. New technology has made it possible to examine differentially expressed genes and according to network theory, genes connected by their function that might have key roles in the disease. Methods: Connectivity analysis was used to identify NINAR key genes. mRNA was extra

The Spatial Division of Talent in City Regions: Location Dynamics of Business Services in Copenhagen

The paper focuses on the location dynamics and spatial distribution of talent by workplace to provide evidence of the multiplicity of economic geographies of city regions. City regions are not just homogenous growth machines but complex urban landscapes. The economic growth and revitalisation of the city region and the rise of the knowledge economy, including the growth of advanced business servic

The Antimicrobial Peptide Cathelicidin Protects Mice from Escherichia coli O157:H7-Mediated Disease.

This study investigated the role of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin in Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection and subsequent renal damage. Mouse and human cathelicidin, CRAMP and LL-37, respectively, killed E. coli O157:H7 in vitro. Intestines from healthy wild-type (129/SvJ) and cathelicidin-knock-out (Camp(-/-)) mice were investigated, showing that cathelicidin-deficient mice had a thinner co

Bacterial growth and respiration responses upon rewetting dry forest soils: Impact of drought-legacy

Longer periods of drought and droughts of higher intensity are expected to become increasingly frequent with future climate change. This has implications for the microbially mediated turnover of soil organic matter (SOM), which will feedback to the global C cycle. In this study, we addressed the microbial dynamics underlying the pulse of respiration following rewetting of dry soil, and how the dro

Linear Precoders for Parallell Gaussian Channels with Low Decoding Complexity

Consider the transmission of complex-valued symbols over N parallell channels in additive white Gaussian noise. It is well known that linear precoding of the complex-valued data improves system performance (e. g. symbol error rate, information rate, MMSE, etc.) at a cost of increased decoding complexity at the receiver. This work constructs precoders that are constrained to have a decoding complex

Estimating the distribution of the G2 phase duration from flow cytometric histograms

A mathematical model, based on branching processes, is proposed to interpret BrdUrd DNA FCM-derived data. Our main interest is in determining the distribution of the G2 phase duration. Two different model classes involving different assumptions on the distribution of the G2 phase duration are considered. Different assumptions of the G2 phase duration result in very similar distributions of the S p

Photon-hadron jet correlations in p plus p and Au plus Au collisions at s(NN)=200 GeV

We report the observation at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider of suppression of back-to-back correlations in the direct photon+jet channel in Au+Au relative to p+p collisions. Two-particle correlations of direct photon triggers with associated hadrons are obtained by statistical subtraction of the decay photon-hadron (gamma-h) background. The initial momentum of the away-side parton is tightly

Peg-IFN and ribavirin treatment for recurrence of genotype 2 and 3 hepatitis C after liver transplantation

Background: Relapse of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection after liver transplantation (LT) is universal. Tolerance for treatment with pegylated-interferon (peg-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) is suboptimal and withdrawals due to adverse events frequent. We sought to improve tolerance for treatment to improve outcome. Methods: We used concentration-guided RBV dosing to achieve an intended 10 mu mol/L conce

Detecting prostate cancer metastases - PET/CT and the sentinel node technique

Popular Abstract in Swedish Prostatacancer är idag den vanligast diagnostiserade cancerformen i Sverige. De flesta nya fallen som upptäcks är lokaliserade till prostatan och kan i hög utsträckning botas med antingen operation eller strålbehandling. För en del män har dock prostatacancern hunnit sprida sig redan vid diagnos och då är chansen till bot mycket liten. Vid utbredd spridning, så kallad mProstate cancer is one of the most common malignancies. Its treatment is highly dependent on the presence or absence of metastases. The available invasive and non-invasive modalities for detecting metastases are imperfect. Positron-emission tomography fused with computed tomography (PET/CT) is a non-invasive method for detecting metastases that is presently evaluated for prostate cancer. Fluoride

Helicobacter pylori : Is it Transmitted Through Faecal-oral or Oral-oral Route?

The association of Helicobacter pylori with gastroduodenal diseases is well established. The mode of transmission of the organism is still unclear, although the faecal-oral route has been proposed. H. pylori has been detected in gastric antrum, dental plaques, faeces and water. In the light of these studies we attempted to detect H. pylori in antral biopsies, dental plaques, and stool specimens of

Hypoxia-Related Processes in the Baltic Sea

Hypoxia, a growing worldwide problem, has been intermittently present in the modern Baltic Sea since its formation ca. 8000 cal. yr BP. However, both the spatial extent and intensity of hypoxia have increased with anthropogenic eutrophication due to nutrient inputs. Physical processes, which control stratification and the renewal of oxygen in bottom waters, are important constraints on the formati

Whose risks? Gender and the ranking of hazards

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine if gendered differences in risk perception automatically mean that women and men rank the hazards of their community differently, focusing any risk reduction measures on the priority risks of only part of the population. Design/methodology/approach - The study applies survey research through structured personal interviews in three municipalities in

No diagnostic value of plasma clusterin in Alzheimer's disease.

There is an urgent need for biomarkers to enable early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has recently been shown that a variant within the clusterin gene is associated with increased risk of AD and plasma levels of clusterin have been found to be associated with the risk of AD. We, therefore, investigated the diagnostic value of clusterin by quantifying clusterin using an ELISA in plasma f