One of the core purposes of the Swedish “nämndemannasystem” is to act as representatives of the public in the court systems. The representation aspect of the “nämndemannasystem” has though been declared non-existent or too weak by previous research and the general debate in society, on the ground of its pictorial composition. However, the concept of representation is not that simple as depicted by

As intelligence-led law enforcement becomes more common, criminal networks have adapted and used various methods to disrupt law enforcement’s collection of intelligence. This dynamic has led to non-state actors’ use of counterintelligence as an emerging research field as it's critical to understand how criminal organizations can try to disrupt or neutralize the intelligence cycle This study ai

Between 2014 and 2015 Sweden accepted, by its standards, an unprecedented amount of asylum seekers into the country. The total effect which that had on the country politically and socially may not be fully understood yet but it represented a shifting point in Swedish politics. The image of Sweden as open, tolerant and liberal had been challenged and the political response was a strict tightening o

The field of public diplomacy has become increasingly dependent on the general digitalization in society, and its use of social media platforms as a mean to spread their political message to the general public. Digitalization has made public diplomacy more attainable for the masses, but it has also given states a larger responsibility in which messages they want to convey to the public. This thesi

This dissertation tackles contemporary optimism regarding global income inequality trends from a critical perspective. It looks at the World Bank's influential report on global inequality from 2016, and investigates whether the World Bank's objective notion of themselves is plausible. In the context of the World Bank’s neoliberal ideological roots, the dissertation comes to the conclusion

Blockchain technologies with its promise of transparency and security have during the last decade created quite the political stir. There exists an abundance of information, hype and research regarding blockchains 'disruptive and ‘transformative’ potential concerning every industry from finance to food production. However, there is an absence of scholarly attention given to identifying and ana

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the European Commission’s role in the ordinary legislative procedure. To do so, the thesis examines the case of the newly negotiated reform of the CAP. The Commission has for many years had legislative powers when reforming the CAP. However, since the signing of the Lisbon Treaty, the Commission has only had the formal power to initiate legislative prop

This study aims to examine how NATO-states overtly responds to cyberattacks committed by the believed Russian government sponsored hacker group Fancy Bear. After the end of the Cold War the regulation and acceptance for different kinds of covert actions changed in turn with the change in global power dynamics. The current digital environment develops new ways in which states can spy, gather inform

Få blir nog förvånade om någon hävdar att beräkningar inom partikelfysik är invecklade. Bara för att beräkna sannolikheten att den enklaste processen vi tar hänsyn till (vilket är när två elektroner krockar och studsar mot varandra) krävs det åtminstone tre-fyra sidor med ren matematik, och svårigheterna växer snabbt ju mer komplexa processer vi arbetar med. För att kunna ha teoretiska värden att The chirality-flow formalism has proven to make amplitude calculations in the Standard Model analytically simple in comparison to previously established formalisms. To test the viability of the chirality-flow formalism for numerical implementations, a Chiral Automized Flow Extension (CAFE) for MadGraph5_aMC@NLO has been developed to compare amplitude evaluation time scaling between the two. CAFE u

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) refers to a wireless access technology that equips base station (BS) with hundreds to thousands of antennas to serve tens of user equipment (UE) in the same time-frequency resource. These extensive antennas improve spectral and energy efficiency, but the detection algorithms tend to be more complex with operations, multiplications, and inversions on la

En studie som undersöker kapitalstrukturen i teknologiska bolag genom att undersöka vilken påverkan olika bestämmande faktorer har på hävstången i dessa bolag. I studien undersöks även vilken av de populära teorierna The pecking order theory och The trade off theory, som bäst kan förklara kapitalstrukturen i teknologiska bolag.

Uppsatsens primära syfte är att besvara vad som avses med begreppet penninglån. Subsidiära frågeställningar som besvaras är när en transaktion innebär en överträdelse av det generella låneförbudet. Låneförbudet innebär i huvudregel att ett aktiebolag inte får lämna penninglån till aktieägare, styrelseledamöter och andra som ingår i ”den förbjudna kretsen”. En stor del i bedömningen av vad som utgöThe primary aim of the paper is to answer what is meant by the concept of money lending. Secondary questions to be answered are when a transaction constitutes a violation of the general prohibition of lending. As a general rule, the prohibition on lending means that a limited liability company may not make loans of money to shareholders, directors and others who are part of the "prohibited ci

Denna rapport identifierar och analyserar investeringsmöjligheter samt produktionsoperationella förändringar i produktionen av hålpipor. Studien avser en ledande svensk tillverkare i branschen och påbörjas med en analys av företaget självt samt dess kunder. Därefter undersöks förtegets nuvarande produktionsförmåga, varvid investeringsmöjligheter identifieras och analyseras. Slutligen diskuteras ocThis report identifies and investigates possible investment alternatives and operational improvements to the production of perforating punches. The analysis is conducted for a leading Swedish manufacturer in the industry. First, an analysis of the company and its customers is performed, followed by a study of the current production capabilities. Based on this investigation, key investments opportu

Huvudregeln är att rättegångskostnader i förvaltningsprocessen fördelas i enlighet med kvittningsprincipen. Det innebär att vardera part bär sina egna rättegångskostnader oavsett utgången i målet. En enskild part som vinner i förvaltningsmål mot det allmänna saknar, med undantag för skattemålen, möjlighet att få ersättning för de kostnader som parten haft för att ta tillvara sin rätt. I uppsatseThe general rule is that costs in administrative proceedings are allocated in accordance with the principle of set-off. This means that each party bears its own costs regardless of the outcome of the case. With the exception of tax cases, an individual party who wins administrative proceedings against the public authorities is not entitled to reimbursement of the costs incurred by the party in ass

Sverige tillåter för närvarande inte anonyma vittnesmål. Ämnet har trots det varit uppe för diskussion i Sverige sedan 90-talet. Med anledning av den ökade gängkriminaliteten samt vittnens otillräckliga skydd ses anonyma vittnen som en alternativ lösning på problemet. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda huruvida ett system med anonyma vittnen hade fungerat i svensk rätt eller inte. Undersökningen Anonymous witnesses are not allowed in the Swedish legal system, although the subject has been debated in Sweden for decades. Due to increased organized crime and inadequate witness protection, anonymous witnesses is discussed as a solution to the problem. The purpose of this essay is to straighten out if a system of anonymous witnesses would be possible in the Swedish legal system. This is done

Uppsatsen undersöker, genom att använda en doktrinär forskningsmetod, Europadomstolens roll i att utveckla skyddsomfånget för svårt sjuka migranter enligt artikel 3 i den Europeiska konventionen om skydd för de mänskliga rättigheterna och de grundläggande friheterna (4 november 1950, ETS. 5). Genom utredningen besvarar uppsatsen frågan om Europadomstolen har agerat inom de metoder och principer soThe thesis examines, through the use of the doctrinal research method, the role of the European Court of Human Rights in developing the scope of protection for seriously ill migrants under Article 3 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (4 November 1950, ETS. 5). Through the examination, the thesis answers the question as to whether the Court has acted withi

Today in Swedish politics, many parties advocate for a more restrictive migration policy than ten years ago, so even Moderaterna. The purpose of this thesis is from a describing point of view, explain why Moderaterna has taken this approach. This will be done from multiple aspects, including vote maximization, parti cohesion and parliamentary influence. The method used is a motive analysis with an

This study investigates the Taliban takeover in Afghanistan, 2021, in order to find out whether the takeover was a result of undeveloped state institutions. In this case study, the takeover is examined according to the theoretical approach of fragile states. Undeveloped state institutions are operationalized through the degree of financial support they recieve. The other main variable, takeove