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This paper uses cumulative export experience functions to explore the structural dynamics of South Africa's exports for the period 1990-2003. It finds a large spread of emerging non-traditional accelerating export products across industry clusters of different factor intensifies, steadily increasing their proportion in total exports and her main markets. Shift-share and correlation analyses show t

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with a disposable ionic liquid (IL) coating was developed for headspace extraction of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) in paints. The SPME fiber was coated with IL prior to every extraction, then the analytes were extracted and desorbed on the injection port of gas chromatography, and finally the IL coating on the fiber was washed out with solve

Context: Survivors of childhood- onset ( CO) acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL) treated with prophylactic cranial radiotherapy often exhibit GH deficiency ( GHD), which is associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiac dysfunction. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of GH replacement on cardiovascular risk factors and cardiac function

HSL from chicken adipose tissue exhibits remarkable activation upon phosphorylation with cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMP-PK) compared to HSL from rat and human adipose tissue. In order to characterize the chicken HSL enzyme, it was purified 3500 fold from a chicken adipose tissue homogenate using pH 5.2 precipitation and anion-exchange chromatography. The purified chicken HSL was identified as

Recent studies have uncovered an abundance of non-neutral cytoplasmic genetic variation within species, which suggests that we should no longer consider the cytoplasm an idle intermediary of evolutionary change. Nonneutrality of cytoplasmic genomes is particularly intriguing, given that these genomes are maternally transmitted. This means that the fate of any given cytoplasmic genetic mutation is

To evaluate and mutually compare the tail-scaling approach and the prebolus administration concept for reduction of arterial partial volume effects (PVEs), because reproducible absolute quantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF) by dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often hampered by PVEs in the arterial input function (AIF) registration.

Existing accounts of leadership are underpinned by two dominant approaches: functionalist studies, which have tried to identify correlations between variables associated with leadership; and interpretive studies, which have tried to trace out the meaning-making process associated with leadership. Eschewing these approaches, we turn to an emerging strand of literature that develops a critical appro

During breast cancer progression, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) switches from acting as a growth inhibitor to become a major promoter of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and metastasis. However, the mechanisms involved in this switch are not clear. We found that loss of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBP beta), a differentiation factor for the mammary epitheli

This 11-year prospective longitudinal study examined how a pre-pubertal pediatric bone mass scan predicts peak bone mass. We measured bone mineral content (BMC; g), bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm(2)), and bone area (cm(2)) in femoral neck, total body and lumbar spine by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in a population-based cohort including 65 boys and 56 girls. At baseline all participants were

Compounds Fe7Sb3(PO4)3O6Cl3 and Fe7Sb3(PO4)3O6Br3 are the first iron phosphates containing SbIII. They were synthesized by chemical vapor transport reactions, and their crystal structures were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compounds are isostructural and crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pnma. Tubular Fe7(PO4)3O6X3 units (X = Cl, Br) are linked by SbO4 groups to

The incidence rates and relative risks for colorectal cancer (CRC) are higher in men than in women. Sex steroids may play a role in this gender-associated difference in CRC risk. This study was conducted to explore the relationship of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in steroid hormone signaling (ESR1, ESR2, PGR, NR1I2, and SHBG), phase I-and II-metabolizing enzyme (COMT, HSD17B1, CYP1A1, CY

Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a secreted protein with great therapeutic potential. However, in order to analyse the interactions between GDNF and its receptors, researchers have been mostly dependent of radioactive binding assays. We developed a FACS-based binding assay for GDNF as an alternative to current methods. We demonstrated that the FACS-based assay using TGW cells

Background Carriers of APOE epsilon 2 and epsilon 4 have an increased risk of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in lobar regions, presumably because of the effects of these gene variants on risk of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. We aimed to assess whether these variants also associate with severity of ICH, in terms of haematoma volume at presentation and subsequent outcome. Methods We investigated the

In this study, we present a newly developed method for the estimation of surface flow paths on a digital elevation model (DEM). The objective is to use a form-based algorithm, analyzing flow over single cells by dividing them into eight triangular facets and to estimate the surface flow paths on a raster DEM. For each cell on a gridded DEM, the triangular form-based multiple flow algorithm (TFM) w