Virus är icke levande organismer som infekterar levande celler och förökar sig med hjälp av cellernas maskineri. De kan infektera alla typer av liv och de är totalt beroende av en värdcell. Alla virus innehåller genetiskt material samt en så kallad viruskapsid. Denna kapsid kan ha olika struktur och består av identiska proteinenheter. Kapsidens uppgift är att skydda det genetiska materialet. DettaAll viruses are composed of both genetic material and a capsid. The capsid is composed by identical protein subunits and the purpose is protection of the genetic material, in this case RNA. This project is about cowpea chlorotic mottle virus, also called CCMV, which is a plant virus and the disassembly and reassembly mechanisms of the capsid are investigated to understand how the capsid proteins a

Öreland – a Lost World The aim of this BA Study is two-folded. First, to investigate if and when the Strait of Öresund has been dry land and, second, if there are traces of human activities – tools and settlements – that could be related to Öreland, e.g. when Öresund was dry land. My starting point is that Öreland was a geographic area in its own right. By that I mean that Öreland should not only

Recent years’ political development in Europe as well as in the US reflects a growing support for anti-globalization movements, protectionism and stronger nation-states. The victory for the Leave option in the Brexit referendum further emphasized this development, since many of these views were promoted by the Leave side. Previous research has investigated the relationship between globalization in

Bakgrund: Det bor 2,2 miljoner pensionärer i Sverige vilket är ca 20% av befolkningen. Övergången till pensionärslivet kan skapa aktivtetsförluster som leder till sämre hälsa. En meningsfull vardag korrelerar med hälsa och bidrar till en väg för nyblivna pensionärer att undgå bland annat nedstämdhet. Syftet: Syftet med studien var att kartlägga meningsfulla aktiviteterna som ålders- och heltidspe

This study examines if the Swedish stock market adheres to the weak form efficient market hypothesis using Fourier analysis on past stock prices to identify possible cyclic returns. Fourier analysis is well suited for finding seasonalities which would violate the weak-form efficiency. 10 firms were randomly selected from stock market index OMX30 to represent the Swedish stock market. All firms

This paper aims to analyze trade dynamics in the EU-area following the financial crisis of 2007/2008. Our goal has been to investigate whether there is any difference between eu-romember countries and non-euromember countries when it comes to trade in the aftermath of the crisis. Using a gravity model and bilateral trading data with over 44 000 observations during the years of 2004-2016, we find t

Detecting gene targets of glucocorticoids in pancreatic beta cells by bioinformatics approaches The pancreatic beta cells (β-cells) are the cells that synthesize and secrete insulin, the hormone that is responsible for controlling the blood sugar levels in the body. Studies have revealed that a certain group of drugs, called glucocorticoids (GCs), despite being widely prescribed against various p

Tarmflora och typ 2-diabetes – kan vi hitta sambanden? Typ 2-diabetes är ett ökande globalt hälsoproblem. 2017 levde uppskattningsvis 450 miljoner vuxna världen över med diabetes, och en konservativ prognos indikerar att detta antal kan öka till 700 miljoner år 2045. Den stora majoriteten (mer än 80%) av dessa diabetesfall är typ 2-diabetes. Det är väl känt att otillräcklig fysisk aktivitet, ohälThis study explores the correlation between type 2 diabetes status and gut microbiota composition, diversity and functional capacity in a Swedish cohort. Using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing metagenomic data sampled from 2161 individuals, out of which 107 also had their metagenomic data sequenced using whole genome shotgun sequencing, modern bioinformatics tools were used to extract information on t

Upprustning av vattenbottnar kan rädda ålen Många frågor står obesvarade när man pratar om ålen och dess komplexa livscykel, där ålen föds och leker i havet men växer upp i sötvatten runtom i Europa ända ner till Nordafrika. Dock vet vi svaret på frågan om huruvida dess bevarandestatus ser ut idag: ålen är akut utrotningshotad och är på väg att dö ut, och den behöver hjälp för att överleva. ÅlbeAnthropogenic activities have caused aquatic habitats both indirect and direct damage, where loss of benthic substrates may consequently decrease the possibility of aquatic organisms surviving within affected areas. Restoration measures with introduction of suitable bottom substrates might thus create better opportunities for aquatic species to thrive within targeted locations, including endangere

Artificial neural networks (ANN) are used within the medical eld of survival analysis to rank patients according to their risk group. To evaluate how well the ranking was conducted, it is common to obtain the concordance index error (c-index). It has been shown that ANNs can be trained directly on the c-index with the use of genetic algorithms (GA). The GA evolution of an ANN is controlled by a se

Denna studies syfte var att undersöka upplevelser av missnöje hos klienter som avslutat sina terapier med studentterapeuter på psykoterapimottagningen vid Institutionen för psykologi, Lunds universitet. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med fem deltagare som genomgått kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT). Intervjumaterialet analyserades med hjälp av Interpretativ Fenomenologisk Analys (IPA). Fem hThe purpose of this study was to explore clients’ experiences of dissatisfaction with completed therapy delivered by therapists in training at the Department of Psychology, Lund University. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five participants who had received Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). The material was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Five main th

Antikroppar är en del av kroppens egna försvar mot främmande ämnen, såsom mikroorganismer, virus, bakterier och parasiter. De används för att upptäcka och identifiera dessa ämnen och gör så genom att interagera med specifika molekyler, antikroppens antigener, som finns närvarande på ämnets yta. När antikroppen identifierat och satt sig på ytan kan vita blodkroppar och komplementproteiner elimineraThe possibilities with monoclonal antibodies to be used as drugs against several diseases is of great interest to many pharmaceutical companies. However, efficient production is hindered by advanced and difficult purification steps in the downstream processing. Chromatographic systems have proven to be a powerful methodology promoting high purity, nevertheless associated with high costs. Therefore

Curitiba is the capital of the state of Paraná, in the south of Brazil. One of the main environmental issues Curitiba faces today is related to flooding and cloudburst events. They are caused not only due to climate change but also due to the piping of many rivers, the pollution on the water systems and the irregular settlements around the floodplains. The rivers that were once part of the cultu

Syftet med denna studie vara att undersöka den högkänsliga personens subjektiva upplevelser av livet innan- och efter insikten om personlighetsdraget. Tillkommande frågeställningar som studerades, var även de positiva och negativa aspekterna av personlighetsdraget. Studiens metodologiska utgångspunkt var av den kvalitativa innehållsanalysen. Intervjuer hölls med sju deltagare som upplevde sig själThe purpose of this study was to examine the highly sensitives persons subjective experiences in life before- and after the knowledge about the personality character. Additional questions also studied the positive and negative aspects of the highly sensitive person. The studies methodological framework is based on the qualitative content analysis. The interviews where held with seven participants

During this thesis, work has been done towards realizing a short-wave infrared (SWIR) laser source based on optical parametric amplification. It is planned that this setup should be able to produce few-cycle laser pulses at 2μm with a stable carrier-envelope phase (CEP). This will be done by using various nonlinear processes to convert the output from a 1030-nm, 200 kHz laser source, based on Yb-d

Enligt Trafikverkets siffror ökade utsläppen av växthusgaser från transportsektorn med 0,5 % under 2018 samtidigt som de måste minska med 8 för att nå de uppsatta målen. Ökningen berodde främst på en ökad lastbilstrafik. Det krävs flera lösningar för att nå detta mål. Detta arbete har undersökt om batterielektriska lastbilar kan vara en god lösning för emissionsfria transporter redan idag inom visAccording to the Swedish transport administration the emissions from the transport sector has increased by 0,5 % in 2018 compared to 2017, which is mainly due to an increase in truck traffic. To reach the goals set for the transport sector the emissions must be reduced by 8 % annually. Several solutions are needed to reach this goal. This work has investigated if battery electric trucks can be a g

In order to construct more efficient and environmentally friendly fuels, knowledgeabout the combustion process of the fuels needs to be expanded. This can be doneby running simulations in computational fluid dynamics. In order to efficiently runsimulations, reduced kinetic mechanisms of lesser complexity are used. Increasing theaccuracy and knowledge of the chemical reactions involved in these mec

The surge in revenue from real-time auctions for online display advertisement has spurred great research interest into how to design optimal mechanisms for these auctions, with respect to both buyers and sellers. This thesis focuses on some recent proposals on how to modify the Vickrey auction, which has been dominating the world of real-time auctions for the past decade, in order to better accomm

This thesis evaluates four of the most popular methods for combining time series forecasts. One aspect that is often overlooked in the literature is the choice of which forecasts to include in a forecast combination. The focus here, is to investigate the variability in forecast accuracy that occurs between all distinct subsets from a fixed set of eleven individual forecasting models that a combina