Basel II requires Value at Risk (VaR) as a standardized risk measure for calculating market risk. However, the validity of the risk measure has been questioned since it neglects the losses beyond the VaR level. Expected Shortfall (ES) is a response to this limitation, as it is defined as the average of the losses ignored by VaR. This study applies VaR and ES to three commodities; gold, oil and cor

Vid den aktuella studien har individens drivkraft i arbetssituationen diskuterats utifrån två perspektiv, inre och yttre motivation. Tidigare forskning har argumenterat för dessa som antingen distinkta faktorer, vilka båda kan ha sina för- och nackdelar, eller som sinsemellan kompletterande. Frågan som ställdes i studien var hur individernas motivation i bemanningsbranschen kunde kopplas till orga

Since 2006, President Calderón has used the army to combat organized crime. The object of this study is to investigate the effects of militarization, as a strategy to contain the war on drugs, on Ciudad Juárez. The paper will focus on violence, corruption, public denounce, economy, policy making and international cooperation as indicators to help evaluating the strategy chosen by the Mexican Gover

Our purpose was to examine the view and perspectives of the residential staff about the disabled individual’s sexuality. Our study was executed in three different group homes. Three questions evolved in our process and quest for insight: How does the residential staff construct the disabled sexuality in a group home? What is the staff´s perception of the disabled responsibility concerning their s

The purpose of this essay was to study what knowledge and understanding social workers think they have when it comes to honor-related problems and how they handle cases with these issues. We made a qualitative study and interviewed six social workers who work with young people and honor issues. We also did an interview with Maria Hagberg, who is a main figure and author in the field. To analyze th

Religionsfrihet är en grundläggande mänsklig rättighet. Artikel 9 i Europakonventionen reglerar religionsfriheten och dess begränsningar. Konventionen är inkorporerad i svensk lagstiftning och ska således tillämpas i Sverige. Med anledning av det så kallade handskakningsmålet ställs religionsfriheten i förhållande till arbetet mot ett könsjämlikt arbetsliv. Frågan väcks och diskuteras huruvida relFreedom of religion is a fundamental human right. Article 9 of the European Convention regulates religious freedom and its limits. The Convention is incorporated in Swedish law and has to be applied in Sweden. On account of the so-called handshake-case, the freedom of religion is put in relation to work towards a gender-balanced working life. The question is raised and discussed whether freedom of

This thesis is endeavoring to compare the competitiveness of the wind power industry from two very different countries China and Denmark, through the Porter Diamond Model as the methodological framework. The aim is to see why both countries seem to be so committed with wind energy, yet the outcome is so different up until now. Ultimately it is going to explain if there is any way that China could

Problem och syfte: Det blir allt svårare för företag att utmärka sig. För att bli mer effektiva i sitt varumärkesbyggande behöver företag förstå hur de kan utveckla en varumärkesidentitet. En trend att använda sig av fiktiva figurer har vuxit sig stark. Den framtida differentieringen kommer därför att fokusera mer på historier, symboler och känslor. Synlighet har också betydelse då konsumenter oft

Regarding the changes in today's generation we can see that a problem with the theories of internal and external marketing is the lacks of ideas about how companies can act when an employee leave the company. We believe that there is a need for other ideas on how to maintain relationships with former employees. The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyze if and how ideas about employer b

Byggbranschen står för 36 % av Sveriges totala energianvändning och det är av största vikt att förbrukningen i sektorn minskar. Lagar och regler genomgår ständiga förändringar och kraven på energiprestanda skärps för nybyggnation av bostäder. Det krävs trots det ett intresse för energieffektivisering hos byggherrar och entreprenörer vid nyuppförande av bostäder. Fastighetsförvaltaren Lunds Kommuns

Risk analysis of modern architecture – applied to roof terraces Risk management is an important part of the construction process that more often is to be put behind the other parts of the process. Most of the construction companies are working with risk management in some way, but most likely in an informal way. The formal, more structured risk management requires a bigger effort from the people i

Den 1 januari 2010 träder rådets direktiv 2008/8/EG som avser platsen för tillhandahållanden av tjänster kraft i medlemsstaterna. Ända sedan 1960-talet då mervärdesskattesystemet infördes har målet varit att beskattning bör ske i konsumtionsmedlemsstaten. Av praktiska skäl genomfördes inte denna princip för tillhandahållanden av tjänster och det i skrivande stund gällande mervärdesskattedirektivet

This essay studies the effect of liquidity on stock returns on the Swedish stock market. Liquidity is addressed both as a market risk factor and an asset characteristics. We use the relative bid-ask spread as a proxy for liquidity level. The aggregate liquidity factor Illiquid-Minus-Liquid is constructed in a similar way to Fama-French SMB and HML factors. Using monthly time-series regressions on

Abstract Author: Jonas Nygren Title: You are what you’re called – Program leaders reflections and reasoning about the effect from Internet sex offender registration on sexual offenders who attend treatment program within the Swedish correctional service. Supervisor: Alexandru Panican Recently the first sex offender registration has been implemented in Sweden mainly through Internet websites. In

The paper examines whether a variation of the one and two period discounted cash flow models using optimized investment horizons can be used to explain and/or predict stock prices. In addition to this, the optimized horizons themselves are analyzed to see how long a stock is held in different market climates. The results show that the models cannot be used for pricing stocks. Neither can they exp

This paper examines the degree to which dynamic inconsistency in climate policy presents a serious challenge in the sense that exclusively pursuing near-term cost-efficiency implies strong disincentives for policy makers to attain long-term abatement goals. We model technological change and cost-efficient emissions cuts of roughly 80% in the EU-27 energy sector during the forty-year period 2010-20

This quantitative study of the alcohol use amongst students in Lund primarily rests on three general empirical findings: 1) Students in general constitute a part of the age group – young adults – who consume most alcohol per capita in Sweden. 2) The foundations of abnormal use of alcohol and alcoholism are believed to be established in early adulthood. 3) In monetary terms, alcoholism and other di

The purpose of this study is to examine and understand how dominant gender attitudes are represented in the society and how they influence social institutions and processes, such as labor market and employment. Greater understanding of the several aspects of this phenomenon enables us to gain knowledge on how to deal with it for both the main actors in the labor market: jobseekers and employers. G