The topology optimization problem is formulated in a phase-field approach. The solution procedure is based on the Allan-Cahn diffusion model. The functional defining the minimization problem includes a gradient term which introduces cost for boundaries and thereby regularizing the problem. To avoid non-physical densities obstacles are introduces. It is shown that the problem can be stated as a var

Batch processes are very common and important in e.g. the chemical industries. The international standard ISA88.01 defines the terminology, the functionality and the models for batch control systems. The production specification of how to produce a batch, is called a recipe. This paper shows how high-Level Grafchart, a Grafcet and High-Level Petri net based programming language can be used to repr

Mouth alcohol (MA) is a potential source of error in alcohol breath-testing. Although utilized commercially for MA-detection, the exhalation profile of breath samples containing MA has not been systematically studied before. To characterize the exhalation profile of MA, volumetric expirograms of single-exhalations containing MA were examined. In addition, to explain reports of unusual slow elimina

Representations of the Female Swedish-American: From the Drag Maid to the Bikini Girl In Swedish films from above all the 1930s, the Swedish American visitor is a rather recurrent guest. Interestingly, the Swedish-American women are often portrayed much more negatively than their male counterpart, a fact that becomes visibly apparent in for example dress and role behaviour. The Swedish woman shou

Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is alternative computational method to the traditional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) methods. LBM has the ability to with straightforward computational procedure to handle the detail activity at microscale well for simulation of different transport processes. In this study the focus is on the effects of electrochemical reactions and transport processes in an anod

This study evaluates the costs associated with foraging for birds in a savannah woodland area in central Nigeria. Specifically, it looks at the following questions: 1) how does seasonal variability in food and water availability affect the value of resources to birds in dry environments? 2) Does proximity to water affect foraging decisions? What implication will this have in the management of sava

Five sets of gloves were tested on 3 hand models with 2 measuring system in order to ensure repeatability of results from the past and for the future. The other aims of the study were to compare the possible differences related to different number of measuring zones, and effect of temperature distribution over hand surface. The hand models had 2 (HF), 9 (H2) and 10 (H3) zones respectively. Models

The analysis of evaluation in text poses significant methodological challenges, which mainly arise from the fact that: a) evaluative meanings can be expressed through an open-ended range of lexico-grammatical resources; b) they can span multiple words; c) context and co-text play a key role in determining the evaluative meaning of words or phrases; d) the interpretation of evaluation in text depen