This chapter outlines how the history of health care in Syria has shaped the way in which wartime health care has been delivered and controlled. The chapter analyzes the claim by humanitarian organizations to a form of neutrality in the Syrian war, which was ultimately incompatible with the way the Syrian state and the opposition saw aid delivery as part of the battle for statehood. It also mentio

This chapter describes the process of the ‘law looking outwards’, and the gradual rapprochement that has taken place between the law and social sciences. This has occurred in many spheres of law, but is relatively new to the human rights sphere. Meanwhile, it has become a major characteristic of FRA’s approach. The authors assert that there are at least four ways in which this approach can add val

Lebanon, a multi-confessional country with an established consociational democracy, is facing the threat of slipping into state failure as it grapples with its soaring political and economic crisis. The country’s governing system has come under increased and perhaps unprecedented scrutiny since the outbreak of popular protests in 2019 as many accuse an oligarchic political and sectarian elite of s

In this model benchmarking study the results of the Bonaduz field experiment in Switzerland, representing a road environment with sprayed deicing salts, were used. In this field experiment chloride profiles have been measured for over a time span of ca. 20 years, and concrete properties as well as weather data are well documented. This chapter includes a detailed description of the field experimen

Since 2006, Lebanon’s Shi’i community witnessed significant transformations shaped by Hezbollah’s two promises: to secure the release of detainees in Israeli prisons through armed resistance, and to rebuild and redevelop Dahiya “more beautiful than it was.” In its effort to fulfill its two promises, the party’s socio-urban intervention revealed spaces of compatibility between a political project o

Hizbullah, or the Islamic Resistance in Lebanon, is considered a key actor in Lebanon and theMiddle East. Its importance is often attributed to its commitment to an armed struggle against Israel, its ties with the Islamic Republic in Iran and, more recently, to its military engagementin regional conflicts. Much less attention is given to the relationship between Hizbullah and its constituents in L

This intervention will explain the life-worlds of Lebanon’s Shi‘is is distinct, shaped thoroughly by the community’s entanglement in a) the complex alliances and power-sharing arrangements characteristic of the Lebanese political system, b) geopolitical alignments and regionwide politics of hyper-sectarianisation, and c) the dynamics of protracted conflicts (not only in Lebanon and between Lebanon

Boverket ser ett behov av en kunskapssammanställning kring nuläget inom termisk komfort i Sverige för att ha en så bred och korrekt förståelse som möjligt för vem branschen är, vilka regler som tillämpas, var det finns kunskapscentra och vilka utvecklingsbehov som behöver stödjas för att branschen ska kunna ta större ansvar.Förhoppningen är att kartläggning av termisk komfort ska bidra till kunskaBoverket ser ett behov av en kunskapssammanställning kring nuläget inom termisk komfort i Sverige för att ha en så bred och korrekt förståelse som möjligt för vem branschen är, vilka regler som tillämpas, var det finns kunskapscentra och vilka utvecklingsbehov som behöver stödjas för att branschen ska kunna ta större ansvar. Några faktafrågeställningar som vi författare noterat och som kan vara vä

This article examines a Farsi-/Arabic-language devotional poem, which commemorates victims of violent clashes between the Nigerian army and members of the Islamic Movement in Nigeria in Zaria in December 2015. In addition to comparing the persecution of Nigerian Shi‘is with the plight of Muslim hagiographic figures, the poem is significant in its emphasis on race. The article probes the role of Bl

This article examines a Farsi-/Arabic-language Shi‘i ritual lamentation poem commemorating the Zaria Massacre of 2015, which saw hundreds of members of the Islamic Movement in Nigeria (IMN) led by Shaykh Ibrahim Zakzaky killed in clashes with the Nigerian army in the northern Nigerian city of Zaria, Kaduna Province. In addition to comparing the suffering of early-Muslim hagiographic figures with t

With the purpose of examining biased updates in variance-reduced stochastic gradient methods, we introduce SVAG, a SAG/SAGA-like method with adjustable bias. SVAG is analyzed in a cocoercive root-finding setting, a setting which yields the same results as in the usual smooth convex optimization setting for the ordinary proximal-gradient method. We show that the same is not true for SVAG when biase

Cells in vivo are subjected continuously to multiple biochemical and biophysical stimuli from their microenvironment that regulate cell fate and function. Although two-dimensional (2D) platforms to check cell responses to various microenvironmental factors have been established, these methods lack physiological relevance. Macroscale three-dimensional (3D) cell culture platforms were developed to p

A central challenge within pharmacometrics is to establish a relation between pharmacological model parameters, such as compartment volumes and diffusion rate constants, and known population covariates, such as age and body mass. There is rich literature dedicated to the learning of functional mappings from the covariates to the model parameters, once a search class of functions has been determine

There is an urgent need for improved respiratory surveillance of preterm infants. Gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS) is emerging as a potential clinical cutaneous monitoring tool of lung functions in neonates. A challenge in the clinical translation of GASMAS is to obtain sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratios in the measurements, since the light attenuation is high in huma

Active prechamber combustion systems for SI engines represent a feasible and effective solution in reducing fuel consumption and pollutant emissions for both marine and ground heavy-duty engines. However, reliable and low-cost numerical approaches need to be developed to support and speed-up their industrial design considering their geometry complexity and the involved multiple flow length scales.