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A socio-technical perspective to counter cyber-enabled industrial espionage

The ubiquitous digitization of information and the pervasive connectivity of work systems have inevitably facilitated cyber-enabled industrial espionage. Security failures explain most of cyber industrial espionage incidents, and insider threats represent a significant pattern in many case examples. Insiders can inadvertently or purposefully pose serious threats to organisations by facilitating ac

Decentralized Massive MIMO Systems: Is There Anything to be Discussed?

Algorithms for Massive MIMO uplink detection are typically based on a centralized approach, by which baseband data from all antenna modules need to be routed to a central node for further processing. In the case of Massive MIMO, where hundreds or thousands of antennas are expected in the base-station, such architecture requires high interconnection bandwidth between antennas and the central node.

Girth Properties of Time-Varying SC-LDPC Convolutional Codes

Time-varying spatially-coupled low-density parity-check convolutional codes (SC-LDPC-CCs) exhibit excellent features, but their representation requires a very large number of parameters. On the other hand, the description of time-invariant SC-LDPC-CCs is very convenient and their error rate performance, though usually worse, is often satisfactory. In this paper we investigate the girth properties

Transformation of the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora

The nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora was transformed to hygromycin resistance using the hygromycin-B phosphotransferase gene from Escherichia coli under the control of various heterologous fungal promoters. Plasmid DNA was introduced into fungal protoplasts by polyethylene glycol/CaCl2 treatment. Transformation frequencies varied between 1-6 transformants per μg DNA. Seven out of 1

Molecular biology : A linkage between microbial ecology, general ecology and organismal biology

The field of microbial ecology has been developing rapidly, largely owing to the introduction of new molecular methods for identifying individuals, species and populations of microorganisms in nature. In contrast to traditional methods, the new ones do not require the isolation and culture of organisms from the environment. With many of the new methods, genotypes and species of microorganisms can

Microbial oxidation of CH4 at high partial pressures in an organic landfill cover soil under different moisture regimes

The uptake and utilization of CH4 at high concentrations (5-18% vol.) and different soil moistures were followed for samples from a landfill cover soil with a high organic matter content. Measurements of the utilization of CH4 and O2, and production of CO2 indicated that the activity of methanotrophic organisms accounted for most of the O2 respiration. At water saturation, CH4 oxidation rates decr

Phylogeny of nematode-trapping fungi based on 18S rDNA sequences

The small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) from 15 species of nematode-trapping fungi and closely related non-parasitic species were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that species within the genera of Arthrobotrys, Dactylaria, Dactylella, Monacrosporium and Duddingtonia formed a monophyletic and isolated clade among an unresolved cluster of apothecial ascomycetes. The phylogenetic p

Methane oxidation in landfill cover soils, as revealed by potential oxidation measurements and phospholipid fatty acid analyses

Landfills account for ca. 10% of the annual global burden of atmospheric methane. Part of the efflux is mitigated by means of biological methane oxidation in the landfill covers. In this study, two types of landfill cover soils (mineral soil and sewage sludge) were compared with respect to methane emissions as well as potential methane oxidation capacity and the PLFA (phospholipid fatty acid) cont

Microbial community-based measurements to estimate heavy metal effects in soil : The use of phospholipid fatty acid patterns and bacterial community tolerance

Microbial community-based measurements to detect effects of heavy metals in soils rely on the premise that metal toxicity exerts a selection pressure, which induces a change in the composition of the community. The phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition gives an integrated picture of all living organisms in the soil, and changes in the PLFA pattern of the soil indicate an altered species compo

Fungal galectins, sequence and specificity of two isolectins from Coprinus cinereus

This article provides evidence for the presence of galectins, previously known as animal lectins, in a fungal species. The important implication of this study is that the galectin gene family could be much older than previously believed. Furthermore, the wide occurrence of galectins increases the possibility of understanding general functions of lectins.

A cytoplasmic lectin produced by the fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora functions as a storage protein during saprophytic and parasitic growth

It was recently shown that the nematode-infecting fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora contains a saline-soluble lectin (designated AOL) that is a member of a novel family of fungal lectins sharing similar primary sequences and binding specificities. During saprophytic growth in liquid cultures, levels of AOL and AOL mRNA were found to vary depending on the growth phase of the mycelium and the carbon/ni

Molecular characterization of a saline-soluble lectin from a parasitic fungus : Extensive sequence similarities between fungal lectins

It has been proposed that the interactions between several parasite and pathogenic fungi and their hosts are mediated by soluble lectins present in the fungus. We have cloned and analyzed a gene encoding such a lectin (AOL) from the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora (deuteromycete). The deduced primary structure of the AOL gene displayed an extensive similarity (identity 46.3%) to that

Methyl mercury production in freshwater microcosms affected by dissolved oxygen levels : Role of cobalamin and microbial community composition

Radiolabelled Hg(NO(NO3)2 was added to microcosms containing water and sediment from a lake contaminated with cellulose fibres and mercury. We found that anoxic incubation resulted in methyl 203Hg concentrations in the water at least an order of magnitude higher than the levels in oxygenated incubation. This was explained by the fact that both the production and the water solubility of methyl merc

A multispecific saline-soluble lectin from the parasitic fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora : Similarities in the binding specificities compared with a lectin from the mushroom Agaricus bisporus

Several fungi can express high levels of saline-soluble and low- molecular-mass lectins that bind to glycoproteins such as fetuin and different mucins but not bind to any monosaccharides. In this paper, we report the binding specificities of such a lectin (designated AOL) isolated from the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. The results show that AOL is a multispecific lectin that intera

Sequence analysis and regulation of a gene encoding a cuticle-degrading serine protease from the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora

The nematode trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora produces an extracellular serine protease (designated PII) that immobilizes free-living nematodes in bioassays and hydrolyses proteins of the nematode cuticle. Peptides were isolated from PII and partly sequenced. Three internal peptide sequences were used to design synthetic oligonucleotides, which allowed the subsequent isolation of the gene e