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The optimal spectral efficiency and number of independent channels for MIMO antennas in isotropic multipath channels are investigated when bandwidth requirements are placed on the antenna. By posing the problem as a convex optimization problem restricted by the port Q-factor a semi-analytical expression is formed for its solution. The antennas are simulated by method of moments and the solution is
In migratory birds, constraints due to breeding are relaxed during the non-breeding season and thus, social behaviours and spatial associations are potentially more directly coupled to food resources and habitats. Use of space and territorial behaviour has rarely been studied in Afro-Palearctic migrants. Variation in strategies could exist among species within the same habitat because of differenc
Background: An increasing number of patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumor could survive to reproductive age and successfully have children, especially patients diagnosed at a younger age. However, it is largely unknown whether the history of CNS tumor and its treatments might affect their children. We aimed to explore the health status and school performance in offspring of survivors wi
Autonomous vehicles hold promise for increased vehicle and traffic safety, and there are several developments in the field where one example is an avoidance maneuver. There it is dangerous for the vehicle to be in the opposing lane, but it is safe to drive in the original lane again after the obstacle. To capture this basic observation, a lane-deviation penalty (LDP) objective function is devised.
Generalized low-density parity-check (GLDPC) codes are a class of LDPC codes in which the standard single parity check (SPC) constraints are replaced by constraints defined by a linear block code. These stronger constraints typically result in improved error floor performance, due to better minimum distance and trapping set properties, at a cost of some increased decoding complexity. In this paper
We address how to manage extended supply chains that lie beyond the first-tier suppliers. The first-tier suppliers have their suppliers who provide them with goods or services. While lower-tier suppliers are often not an explicit concern of the focal firm, the firm's performance not only depends on the performance of its first-tier suppliers, but also on the performance of their suppliers and beyo
Purpose: Currently there are no specific guidelines for the post-operative follow-up of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC). We aimed to evaluate the pattern, location and timing of recurrence after surgery for non-metastatic chRCC and establish predictors of recurrence and cancer-specific death. Methods: Retrospective analysis of consecutive surgically treated non-metastatic chRCC cases from
The changing landscape of science and science education has provided an impetus to re-imagine how science can be taught in schools. The dawn of the Big Data era, especially in astronomy, and the notion of “Science as Practice” are some of the developments driving this need for a re-imagination of science education. This current work contributes to this agenda by exploring the features an education
Understanding how to modulate appetite in humans is key to developing successful weight loss interventions. Here, we showed that postprandial glucose dips 2–3 h after a meal are a better predictor of postprandial self-reported hunger and subsequent energy intake than peak glucose at 0–2 h and glucose incremental area under the blood glucose curve at 0–2 h. We explore the links among postprandial g
Disc brakes wear during braking events and release airborne particulates. These particle emissions are currently one of the highest contributors to non-exhaust particle emissions and introduce health hazards as well as environmental contamination. To reduce this problem, wear and corrosion-resistant disc coatings have been implemented on grey cast iron brake disc rotors by using various deposition
Kemiska reaktioner drivna av en ström eller som producerar en ström heter elektrokemiska reaktioner och finns överallt omkring oss, ta bara till exempel ett batteri, här produceras en ström som kan driva till exempel din mobiltelefon. Förståelsen för dessa kemiska reaktioner och hur de påverkar den yta där reaktionerna sker är därför viktig. Det är också viktigt att förstå hur olika strukturer reaThis thesis shows how various light-based in situ techniques can be used to follow different surface electrochemical processes such as electrochemical deposition into Nanoporous Anodic Aluminium Oxide (NP-AAO) templates and the surface structure of electrodes. Techniques based on both x-rays and visible light were used to follow surface structures and compositions, in situ. The samples were alsoin
Background Surgical site infection (SSI) may lead to vertebral osteomyelitis, diskitis, paraspinal musculoskeletal infection, and abscess, and remains a significant concern in postoperative management of spinal surgery. SSI is associated with greater postoperative morbidity and increased health care payments. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis using MarketScan to identify health care ut
Background: Despite optimal dopaminergic treatment most patients in moderate to advanced stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) experience progressively increasing disabilities, necessitating a shift from oral medication to device-aided therapies, including deep brain stimulation (DBS), intrajejunal levodopa-carbidopa infusion (IJLI), and continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI). However, t
The existing information supports the use of this material as described in this safety assessment. Butyl lactate was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, phototoxicity/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data from read-across analog ethyl (L)-lactate (CAS # 687-47-8) show that butyl lactate is not expec
Modern integrated circuits (ICs) contain thousands of instruments to enable testing, tuning, monitoring, and so on. These on-chip instruments must be accessed through the ICs’ life- time. However, when ICs are mounted on Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), access from system-level is challenged due to complex system hierarchies with a multitude of interfaces. In this paper we enable access from system-
Modern integrated circuits (ICs) include thousands of on-chip instruments to ensure that specifications are met and maintained. Scalable and flexible access to these instruments is offered by reconfigurable scan networks (RSNs), e.g. IEEE Std. 1687. As RSNs themselves can become faulty, there is a need to exclude and bypass faulty parts so that remaining instruments can be used. To avoid keeping t
