Our ability to genetically engineer microorganisms is growing rapidly. We can perform small, precise modifications using techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 to whole-virome synthesis and/or large genetic insertions. These advances reduces the threshold for synthetic biology to be employed maliciously. Preparations against pandemics or deliberate biological attacks currently rely on taxonomic identifica

Snabb evolution av hiv-1 drivs av en kapprustning mellan viruset och immunförsvaret Humant immunbristvirus typ 1 (hiv-1) är ett virus som infekterar de celler vars primära uppgift är att aktivera andra immunceller. Hiv-1 etablerar sig i arvsmassan inuti de infekterade cellerna, vilket innebär att immunförsvaret inte helt kan komma åt det och infektionen blir därför livslång. När de infekterade ceHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) rapidly evolves during disease progression. This study aimed to explore the intrahost diversity, evolutionary rate, molecular properties, and co-receptor tropism of HIV-1 in relation to disease progression in an occupational cohort of police officers from Guinea-Bissau, where the HIV-1 circulating recombinant form CRF02_AG predominated. The study partici

The commercially important Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus, ABFT) has recently returned to Nordic waters after being absent for half a century due to intense, unregulated overfishing and eventual stock collapse. The present study processed and explored big data obtained from Pop-off Satellite Archival Transmitters deployed on large (CFL 248 +/- 16 cm) ABFT (n =75) in the Skagerrak from 2017

Phytophagous insects, comprising over half a million species, depend on plants for survival and are broadly categorised as specialists or generalists based on the range of host plants they exploit. Host plant selection is shaped by environmental factors, such as local plant availability, and ecological pressures, including competition and predation. While patterns of specialisation and generalisat

Our agricultural management practices have been constantly evolving, with significant impacts on both our society, and biodiversity of human-dominated landscape. While the negative effects of agricultural land-use change at local and landscape scales on biodiversity are well documented from regions such as Western Europe, the effect of current and past land-use in areas that have had more complex

Land degradation and soil erosion are considered one of the main threats to ecosystem services and functions, soil stability and activity, plant community structure and biodiversity, and overall life on Earth. Soil erosion is a problem occurring all over Iceland, with an immediate urgency on the Icelandic highlands and rangelands. Currently, over 40% of the country is eroded, steadily causing loss

Climate change is affecting all regions of the globe, causing a shift of temperature distributions. As species try to track their optimal thermal conditions, they are also potentially met with new photic environments. Photoperiod is the main cue for synchronizing migratory birds' circannual rhythms, affecting both their physiology and migration. Thus, their ability to incorporate and adjust to

The decision of when to exchange habitats represents a significant moment for organisms that utilize migration as a strategy to access growth and feeding opportunities surpassing those available in their natal habitat. For juvenile anadromous salmonids, the initial transition from freshwater to the marine environment marks a critical point in the life cycle characterized by high mortality with mig

The central area of Stenshuvud national park in southern Sweden was surveyed regarding the lichen species composition and distribution. Similar qualitative investigations of the area have been carried out in the years 1934 and 1987, although this survey further included a quantitative survey of relative frequency per species to enable more accurate monitoring in the future. Together, the three s

Sammanfattning Titel: Nordisk Folkfest eller “Hollywood Party”? En jämförande studie om underprissättningens bakomliggande faktorer vid börsnotering i Norden respektive USA. Seminariedatum: 17/01/2025 Kurs: FEKH89, Examensarbete i finansiering på kandidatnivå Författare: Izla Baydono, Alexandra Hedlöf, Esther Persson Handledare: Maria Gårdängen Nyckelord: Börsintroduktion, underprissätAbstract Title: Nordic folk festival or Hollywood Party? A comparative study on the underlying factors of underpricing in initial public offerings in the USA and the largest Nordic countries. Seminar date: 17/01/2025 Course: FEKH89, Corporate Finance Degree Project, Undergraduate Level, 15 ECTS Authors: Izla Baydono, Alexandra Hedlöf, Esther Persson Advisor: Maria Gårdängen Key words

Naturen har länge varit en källa till inspiration inom läkemedelsutvecklingen, eftersom växter ofta innehåller strukturellt komplexa och biologiskt aktiva molekyler. Ett exempel på en sådan växt är Ålandsroten, som har upptäckts genom sin betydelse i läkemedelskonsten. I den gula lilla blomman finns Isoalantolactone, med lovande egenskaper mot cancer, bakterieinfektioner, virus och inflammationer.For centuries, nature has served as a source of inspiration in drug discovery, offering structurally complex and biologically potent compounds. This study focuses on Isoalantolactone, (IAL), a sesquiterpene lactone found in Inula Helenium. The lactone examplifies the promise of natural products in drug discovery, by demonstrating significant bioactive properties such as anti-cancer, anti-bacterial

This study investigates the presence of excess comovement in the Swedish stock market by analyzing index events from the OMX Stockholm Benchmark Index. Using univariate regressions with OLS estimation, changes in stock return behavior before and after an index event are examined, while controlling for momentum effects and pre-trading influences. T-tests are conducted to determine the statistical s

Title: From deficit to a balanced economy - A qualitative study on underlying factors that explain why Swedish municipalities report a negative balance requirement result and how strategies can be applied for restoration Seminar date: January 16, 2025. Course: FEKH69 - Bachelor's degree thesis in Accounting, 15 University credit points. Authors: Ida Björkdahl, Emilia Ennen, Vilma Ternrud. Advi

Bakgrund: Demenssjukdom är en vanlig orsak till funktionsnedsättningar främst bland äldre och påverkar både kognitiva och fysiska förmågor samt leder till mindre självständighet och delaktighet. Det finns flera arbetsterapeutiska interventioner för personer med demens, men kartläggningar och utvärderingar av interventioner som har vetenskapligt stöd behövs. Syfte: Att kartlägga arbetsterapeutiska Background: Dementia is a common cause for disabilities, mainly affecting older adults cognitively and physically, making them more dependent and diminishing their participation in activities. There are several occupational therapy interventions for people with dementia, however summaries and evaluations of scientific evidence are needed. Aim: To summarize occupational therapy interventions that

Hybridization may generate novel trait values and combinations, enabling hybrid lineages to exploit new niches. While phenotypic differences among hybrids and parents are well characterized, it is less well understood if behaviors are likely to be intermediate, mosaic, or transgressive, outside the parental ranges of values. To address how behavioral traits evolve in hybrid lineages, we use the ho

Uttrar och viltkameror: Att avslöja artens ekologi Uttern (Lutra lutra) är ett semiakvatiskt mårddjur som främst äter fisk. Efter nära utrotning på 1900-talet är den svenska populationen nu på uppgång, med omkring 4000 reproducerande individer. Uttern är en skygg art, och mycket är därför oklart kring dess ekologi. För att säkra artens framtid i Sverige behövs mer kunskap, särskilt lokalt. Denna The otter (Lutra lutra) is a cryptic, semi-aquatic mustelid, with several uncertainties regarding its ecology and reproductive success in Sweden. To ensure future conservation, distribution and population estimates are needed and the ecological knowledge gaps must be filled in. This study aimed to examine three ecological factors possibly related to the occurrence and distribution of the Scanian o

Moth Wars: The Honeybee Strikes Back In an ecosystem far, far away, there is a plant, a moth and a bee. Deep in the mountains of Sierra Nevada, the plant and the moth are living happily together. But then, an invading foe arrives, the invasive honeybee, that with the help of dark, mystic powers (humans) conquers all land they touch. Our little duo of plant and moth would not be the first to peris

Livsmiljömodell för mindre hackspett (Dryobates minor) En livsmiljömodell är ett verktyg som har börjat bli alltmer vanligt i bevarandearbeten. För att bygga en livsmiljömodell behövs ekologisk kunskap om arten i fråga. En väl fungerande modell ger information om var arten har mest lämpliga livsmiljöer och var vi kan förvänta oss att hitta den. Ofta görs livsmiljömodeller för arter som kräver bevAcross Europe, breeding bird species are decreasing in several types of habitats. Deciduous forest specialist birds are facing a loss of habitat due to the forest management that removes important key components in the forest, e.g. dead wood. Already in Sweden three woodpecker species that are deciduous forest specialist have decreased in population: one has become locally extinct (middle spotted