The effect of human recombinant cystatin C, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor, on bone resorption in vitro was evaluated. Bone resorption was assessed by analyzing the release of 45Ca and 3H from mouse calvarial bones prelabeled in vivo by injections with 45Ca or [3H]proline, respectively. In 24 h cultures, cystatin C (50 micrograms/ml) significantly inhibited the release of 45Ca and 3H stimulated b

Antibiotic resistance threatens global public health. Clinical methods that simplify and accelerate resistance diagnosis are urgently needed. Here we describe a function-based antibiotic resistance detection and classification strategy to improve diagnosis. The method identifies resistance enzymes by directly measuring the thermal signal generated when an antibiotic i enzymatically degraded. A sub

The heat production by human plasma in healthy and uraemic subjects has been measured by direct isothermal microcalorimetry. The plasma from uraemic subjects displayed an increased heat production compared to that of normal plasma. The heat production by plasma from healthy subjects, but not by that from uraemic patients, was both proportional to the amount of thiol groups in the plasma and also t

A microtitre plate based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determining the concentration of serum amyloid A (SAA) is described. The method employs easily produced sequence-specific rabbit antibodies and the preferential absorption of SAA to polystyrene, which obviates the use of capture antibodies and allows an assay time of only 3.5 h, so that the diagnostic potential of the SAA level as a ra

Cancer is the common name to a group of biologically diverse malignant neoplastic diseases. Approximately 18 million people are diagnosed with cancer annually and 8.8 million patients die from it. Tumorigenesis and progression of cancer are driven by alterations in the cancer cell genome. These alterations lead to gain of oncogenic functions, loss of tumor suppressor functions, or may be chromosom

Members of the Chlamydiales order all share a biphasic lifecycle alternating between small infectious particles, the elementary bodies (EBs) and larger intracellular forms able to replicate, the reticulate bodies. Whereas the classical Chlamydia usually harbours round-shaped EBs, some members of the Chlamydia-related families display crescent and star-shaped morphologies by electron microscopy. To

Infectious viral DNA constitutes only a small fraction of the total viral DNA produced during retroviral infection, and as such its exact behavior is largely unknown. In the present study, we characterized in detail functional viral DNA produced during the early steps of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection by analyzing systematically their kinetics of synthesis and integration in differe

A growing number of human infections incriminate environmental bacteria that have evolved virulent mechanisms to resist amoebae and use them as a replicative niche. These bacteria are designated amoeba-resisting bacteria (ARB). Despite the isolation of these ARB in various human clinical samples, the possible source of infection remains undetermined in most cases. However, it is known that the ARB

Waddlia chondrophila, an obligate intracellular bacterium of the Chlamydiales order, is considered as an agent of bovine abortion and a likely cause of miscarriage in humans. Its role in respiratory diseases was questioned after the detection of its DNA in clinical samples taken from patients suffering from pneumonia or bronchiolitis. To better define the role of Waddlia in both miscarriage and pn

Purpose The purpose is to identify, categorise and describe barriers for a fossil-free transport system for urban goods. Design/methodology/approach The barriers are studied from a systems perspective in a case of a mid-sized Nordic city. Data are collected from 15 semi-structured interviews with officials from the city and representatives of private companies, and from policy documents and a work

The Swedish Society for Clinical Chemistry has now completed its second board examination for voluntary specialist diploma in clinical chemistry. The first day comprised a 6 hour written examination (about 20 essay questions). The second day was an oral examination in front of five clinical chemists representing different aspects of the specialty, firstly as questions on the subject as a whole and

Climate change is an increasing threat to sustainable development worldwide. However, the dominant incremental policy approaches have not generated action at anywhere near the rate, scale or depth that is needed. This is largely due to the fact that climate change has historically been framed as a purely external, technical challenge. There is an urgent need for a more integral understanding that