The interleaving and deinterleaving performed in turbo codes require that the interleaver rule is either stored in memory or that it can be calculated in real time. For large interleavers, and for systems where many different interleaver sizes are used, the interleaver rule storage becomes memory demanding. This input document presents and evaluates two interleaver structures that reduce the requi

Popular Abstract in Swedish Ett proteins funktion bestäms av dess tredimensionella struktur. Proteiners stora betydelse för liv, så som vi känner det, och vår önskan att förstå det leder oss därför till att studera proteiners struktur. Målet kan vara att förstå en specifik process i en specifik art, kanske för att hitta ett botemedel mot en sjukdom som beror på ett icke-fungerande protein, eller mWe have studied protein motions with nanosecond time-resolved crystallography. The release of carbon monoxide from its complex with myoglobin (MbCO) was triggered by nanosecond laser pulses. X-ray data were collected with time delays ranging from 4 ns to 1.9 ms using the Laue method, at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble. For the first time point, X-ray pulses of 150 ps durati

In this report, we are proposing a framework for robustness analysis of source codes, in combination with a design procedure for finding an optimal robust code. The robustness is defined as low susceptibility to changes in the probability distribution of the source. In many applications, the probability distribution is not well known, nor time-invariant. Hence, by introducing a robustness measure

TiO2(B) crystals were found to be isomorphic with those of its precursor, K2Ti4O9. The former crystals had a large number of facetted voids, 3–30 nm, formed as a result of the removal of potassium and water in preceding hydrolysis and calcination steps, respectively. TiO2(B)-supported vanadium oxide catalysts with loadings in the range 0.25−10 theoretical layers were prepared by impregnation of th

Context: Systems of systems (SoS) are highly complex and are integrated on multiple levels (unit, component, system, system of systems). Many of the characteristics of SoS (such as operational and managerial independence, integration of system into system of systems, SoS comprised of complex systems) make their development and testing challenging. Contribution: This paper provides an understanding

Existing installations and energy systems in most commercial buildings could be used in a more efficient way to provide savings – both in terms of energy and load demand. The key for effective operation is a thorough and detailed analysis of energy use patterns that creates essential baseline for energy savings and the development of demand response (DR) strategies. The knowledge of energy deman

Scholars of European fable history over and over again have returned to the question of a possible death of the Aesopic genre. Arguments have been brought forward in accordance with mainly two opposing views. On the one hand, it has been claimed that the fable genre towards the end of the eighteenth century reached a stage of crisis and, more or less, perished. On the other hand, it has been asser

To estimate the long memory series in the framework of state space model is rarely documented although the theoretical foundation was well built in late 90s, and the literatures concentrate mainly on the estimation in stationary case. This paper aims to estimate the parameters in a wide range of long memory series by applying approximate Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and Bayesian Monte Carlo