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I denna avhandling studeras proteiner. Dessa molekyler finns i många varianter, och tillsammans utför de stora delar av kroppens funktioner. Detta inkluderar olika former av signalering (till exempel närvaro av kapsaicin som ger mat hetta), molekyltransport (som till exempel syre), katalys (av till exempel matnedbrytning) och delar av kroppens struktur (som till exempel muskler). Det är därmed kanThis thesis involves the study of proteins. These molecules exist in many variants, and perform most of our bodily functions. This includes signaling (for example the presence of capsaicin, which makes food spicy), molecular transport (including oxygen), catalysis (including food digestion) and part of our body structure (such as muscles). So it is perhaps not too strange that an overwhelming frac

Background: Oral administration of health-promoting bacteria is increasingly used in clinical practise. These bacteria have anti-inflammatory characteristics and modulate the immune system without major reported side effects. The mechanisms of action are not yet fully defined. Our aim was to study systemic effects of probiotics by measurements of leukocytes as well as local effects on rectal mucos

Background: A subset of individuals with allergic asthma develops a late phase response (LPR) to inhaled allergens, which is characterized by a prolonged airway obstruction, airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. The aim of this study was to identify changes in the plasma proteome and circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells associated with the LPR following inhaled allergen challen

INTRODUCTION: Mechanical ventilation is a fundamental component in the management of patients post cardiac arrest. However, the ventilator settings and the gas-exchange targets used after cardiac arrest may not be optimal to minimise post-anoxic secondary brain injury. Therefore, questions remain regarding the best ventilator management in such patients. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a preplanned

Midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons can be replaced in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in order to provide long-term improvement in motor functions. The limited capacity for long-distance axonal growth in the adult brain means that cells are transplanted ectopically, into the striatal target. As a consequence, several mDA pathways are not re-instated, which may underlie the incomplete restorati

Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of aortic regurgitation (AR) contain recommendations that do not always match. We systematically reviewed clinical practice guidelines and summarized similarities and differences in the recommendations as well as gaps in evidence on the management of AR. We searched MEDLINE and Embase (1 January 2011 to 1 September 2021), Google Scholar, and websites of

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern, causes, and predictors of all new hospitalizations in patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Methods and results: The nationwide Swedish TAVI registry was merged with other mandatory healthcare registries, which enabled the analysis of all TAVI procedures, new hospital admissions, and death between the year

The extensive register infrastructure available for coronavirus disease 2019 surveillance in Scania county, Sweden, makes it possible to classify individual cases with respect to hospitalisation and disease severity, stratify on time since last dose and demographic factors, account for prior infection and extract data for population controls automatically. In the present study, we developed a case

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease linked with the loss of dopaminer-gic neurons in the brain region called substantia nigra and caused by unknown pathogenic mecha-nisms. Two currently recognized prominent features of PD are an inflammatory response manifested by glial reaction and T-cell infiltration, as well as the presence of various toxic mediators derived from activated g

Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are light-gated ion channels that are receiving increasing attention as optogenetic tools. Despite extensive efforts to gain understanding of how these channels function, the molecular events linking light absorption of the retinal cofactor to channel opening remain elusive. While dark-state structures of ChR2 or chimeric proteins have demonstrated the architecture of non-

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other eicosanoid pathway modifiers are among the most ubiquitously used medications in the general population. Their broad anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic effects are applied against symptoms of respiratory infections, including SARS-CoV-2, as well as in other acute and chronic inflammatory diseases that often coexist with allergy an

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been used for over 20 years to obtain peripheral blood stem cells from healthy donors for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Concerns have been raised about a potentially increased cancer incidence in donors after donation, especially regarding haematological malignancies. In a prospective Swedish national cohort study, we studied the cancer inc

Background The protein C (PC) anticoagulant system has a key role in maintaining hemostatic balance. One missense (Ser219Gly) variant in the PC receptor (PROCR) was associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) in genome-wide association studies. Objectives This study aimed to determine the thrombotic risk of rare and common PROCR variants in a large population-based cohort of middle-aged and older

This paper focuses on the distributed non-Bayesian quickest change detection based on the Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) algorithm in an energy harvesting wireless sensor network (WSN), where the distributions before and after the change point are assumed to be known. Each sensor is powered by randomly available harvested energy from the surroundings. It samples the observation signal and computes the log

B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy and the most commonly diagnosed adult lymphoblastic leukemia. Recent advances have broadened the spectrum of B-ALL, with DUX4 gene fusions implicated in a subclass occurring in adolescents and young adults and harboring a favorable prognosis. DUX4 fusions have been challenging to identify. We aimed to determine wheth

Introduction: Depression and anxiety disorders affect individuals' everyday lives, and treatments that can help them to perform everyday occupations are needed. Occupational therapy for this group has been evaluated from a short-term perspective but not from a long-term perspective; further research is thus warranted. The aim of the study was to investigate the longitudinal outcomes of the Tree Th

Objective: The indication of surgery in primary hyperparathyroidism has been controversial, as many patients experience mild disease. The primary aim was to evaluate fracture incidence in a contemporary population-based cohort of patients having surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. The secondary aim was to investigate whether preoperative serum calcium, adenoma weight or multiglandular disease

Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are high-risk factors of diabetes development and may be caused by defective insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is mediated by voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels in which the gamma-4 subunit (CaVγ4) is required for the beta-cell to maintain its differentiated state. We here aim to explo

The Covid-19 pandemic pushed consumers' reliance on digital services to a whole new level. Today consumers accomplish most of their daily tasks - shopping, working,maintaining personal relationships - over the Internet. It goeswithout saying, such online interactions require collection ofa large amount of data, which might put consumers at unease.In this survey, our objective is to uncover what "d