Water is a key element for wood performance, as water molecules interact with the wood structure and affect important material characteristics such as mechanical properties and durability. Understanding wood-water interactions is consequently essential for all applications of wood, including the design of wood materials with improved durability by chemical modification. In this work, we used Raman

Current scholarship on race in Europe has described race as an “absent presence”. However, little is known about the dynamics of the absentness and presentness of race, including how various social processes operating at distinct levels (e.g., supranational and national) influence the uses of race and ethnicity concepts. We begin addressing this gap by examining racialised pharmaceutical regulatio

This paper studies how degraded material properties in near proximity to the cut edge influence the torque performance of an axial-flux induction machine. The magnetically degraded areas are characterized using a layering approach, where the magnetic hysteresis curve describing the material is remodeled so that the field strength required to reach a specific value of magnetic flux density is incre

Kvinnors utrymme i läroböcker i historia.

Kvinnor i konsumtionskulturen kring 1900. Annonser, kvinno-, genushistoria.

This document presents a tutorial on case study research methodology in software engineering, held at the 10th International Conference on Product Focused Software Development and Process Improvement (Profes).

The Personal Software Process (PSP) is launched as a means for improving software development capabilities for the individual engineer. It is proposed that it should be used in software engineering curricula: some authors propose it to be used already during the first student year: The PSP course is successfully given for graduate students at Lund University since 1996. During the spring semester

Reuse of different types of experience is a key issue in successful improvement in software engineering. The approach taken in the Quality Improvement Paradigm (QIP) and its supporting organisation, tile Experience Factory (EF), is to define an Experience Base (EB), where all types of reusable objects are organised and stored. The objects may be of any type related to software development, for exa

Functional size, or function points, is a language-independent measure of software size. It is used as an estimator of development effort and software code size, in particular in the domain of information systems, while in real-time systems it is not so widely spread. In this paper, functional size measurements are empirically evaluated by applying them to a recently completed project. Two establi

Software reliability is an important characteristic for most systems, but due to its dynamic properties it is hard to assess until very late in the development. Nevertheless, the testing must be planned to meet the reliability requirements. In test planning, the notion of usage coverage may be used as an indicator of reliability as they are correlated with each other. When the testing is planned,

This paper presents a survey that identifies lead-time consumption in the development and evolution of distributed real-time systems DRTSs. Data has been collected through questionnaires, focused interviews and non-directive interviews with senior designers. Quantitative data has been analyzed using the Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP). A trend in the 11 organizations is that there is a statist

Inspections are widely used in the software engineering community as efficient contributors to reduced fault content and improved product understanding. In order to measure and control the effect and use of inspections, the fault content after an inspection must be estimated. The capture-recapture method, with its origin in biological sciences, is a promising approach for estimation of the remaini

Software plays an increasingly important role in new products of different kinds. Therefore, the need of engineers developing software is continuously increasing. However, computer science education programmes are not enough to fulfill the industrial needs. Software engineering programmes are requested with a holistic approach to the software life cycle and its economics as well as education in mo

Retreating glaciers, icons of climate change, release new potential habitats for both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. High-elevation species are threatened by temperature increases and the upward migration of lowlands species. Improving our understanding of successional processes after glacier retreat becomes urgent, especially in the tropics, where glacier shrinkage is particularly fast. We ex

Hur ska vi komma till rätta med de stora utmaningar som den globala klimatkrisen ställer oss inför? Som individer kan vi alla bidra genom att sortera våra sopor, köra miljövänligt, eller kanske välja att ta cykeln till jobbet. Alla våra individuella bidrag räknas förstås. Men stora delar av vår mänskliga förmåga att förändra världen kommer inte från hur vi agerar var och en, utan från vår gemensamThe world is facing a climate crisis and established firms are set to play a critical role in the societal changes that are needed to defeat it. At the same time, digital technologies are advancing to enable many of the technological solutions that will be required. Together, these two trends, toward greater environmental sustainability and digitalized business, superficially suggest opportunities

IPCC's Sixth Assessment is a landmark in recognizing social justice and local knowledge as imperative for successful climate adaptation; however, taking this new scientific consensus seriously has profound implications. While narratives of fossil fuel companies and closing climate windows often dominate climate politics, there is an urgent need for new thinking frames, especially given that everyd

BACKGROUND: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are molecularly heterogeneous mesenchymal cells that interact with malignant cells and immune cells and confer both anti- and pro-tumorigenic functions. Prior in situ profiling studies of human CAFs have largely relied on scoring single markers, thus presenting a very limited view of their molecular complexity. Our objective was to study the complex