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This chapter focuses on the question of Birgitta of Sweden’s and Catherine of Siena’s status as authors with emphasis on the visual representations of the two women in the manuscripts containing their texts. Images found in the earliest extant codices portray Birgitta in the act of writing—an extremely uncommon visual rendering of a female author in the medieval period—whereas Catherine is never d
Modern gearing applications, in particular electrification, impose new challenges in many different fields of engineering and research. In specific, new demands are imposed on gears, including higher rotational speed, lower noise acceptance, and increased efficiency, as well as increased resistance against pitting and scuffing. To meet these demands, a better understanding of gear contacts is need
In the latter half of the 1360s, Catherine became connected to the mantellate, a group of laywomen, most of whom were financially independent widows like Birgitta. When Tommaso di Antonio da Siena, known in scholarly literature as Caffarini, instigated a hearing in Venice in 1411 as a part of his efforts to see Catherine of Siena canonized, one of his principal strategies for promoting her holines
Visions, or revelations, played an enormously important role in late medieval society. So much so that the question what constituted an authentic vision was debated at the highest ecclesiastical levels. Furthermore, the majority of visionaries in this period were women, and visions afforded them with unique opportunities to exercise their abilities in contexts otherwise almost exclusively reservedVisions, or revelations, played an enormously important role in late medieval society. So much so that the question what constituted an authentic vision was debated at the highest ecclesiastical levels. Furthermore, the majority of visionaries in this period were women, and visions afforded them with unique opportunities to exercise their abilities in contexts otherwise almost exclusively reserved
