This thesis addresses the application of spatial approaches to disease surveillance and control from three different aspects. First, temporal trends, geographical distribution and spatial pattern of cardiovascular disease admission rates were explored on a national level in Sweden. Global Moran’s I was used to explore the structure of patterns and Anselin’s local Moran’s I was applied to explore t

Background: Early identification of virological failure (VF) limits occurrence and spread of drug-resistant viruses in patients receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART). Viral load (VL) monitoring is therefore recommended, but capacities to comply with this are insufficient in many low-income countries. Clinical algorithms might identify persons at higher likelihood of VF to allocate VL resources.

Road safety is a key concern of transport governance. In the European Union, a Road Safety Programme was adopted in 2011, with the objective to reduce road deaths in Europe by 50% in the period from 2011 to 2020. Evidence suggests, however, that this goal will not be met. Against this background, this paper investigates police perspectives on traffic laws, traffic behaviour, and transport policy.

There has been much interest recently in the relationship between economic conditions and mortality, with some studies showing that mortality is pro-cyclical, while others find the opposite. Some suggest that the aggregation level of analysis (e.g. individual vs. regional) matters. We use both individual and aggregated data on a sample of 20-64 year-old Swedish men from 1993 to 2007. Our results s

Objectives: To analyze whether there is an association between neighbourhood deprivation and morbidity and mortality of lung cancer, beyond individual level characteristics. Design: The entire Swedish population aged over 50, a total of 3.2 million individuals, was followed from January 1, 2000, until admission due to morbidity or mortality of lung cancer during the study period, or the end of the

Radiotherapy (RT) is a repetitive treatment divided into daily fractions, scheduled five days a week from one up to several weeks depending upon the child’s diagnosis. Although RT is painless and non-invasive, children experience anxiety. Depending on the child’s age, anxiety or inability to comply, they may require sedation or general anaesthesia (GA), meaning that some children receive GA over 3

Background: Prenatal heavy metals exposure has shown a negative impact on birth weight. However, their influence on different clinical forms of fetal smallness was never assessed. Objectives: To investigate whether there is a differential association between heavy metals exposure and fetal smallness subclassification into intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and small-for-gestational age (SGA).

Det är trångt i kön till läkarutbildningen. Därför har Lunds universitet beslutat att utgå från skolbetyg vid antagning till utbildningen och att använda högskoleprovresultat som skiljekriterium vid lika meriter. Det skriver Stefan Lindgren, programdirektör, Lena Sandberg, nämndsekreterare, och Nils Danielsen, ordförande för läkarprogrammet vid Lunds universitet.

CHD7 is one of nine members of the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding domain family of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes found in mammalian cells. De novo mutation of CHD7 is a major cause of CHARGE syndrome, a genetic condition characterized by multiple congenital anomalies. To gain insights to the function of CHD7, we used the technique of chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by massiv

Context. Parallaxes for 331 classical Cepheids, 31 Type II Cepheids, and 364 RR Lyrae stars in common between Gaia and the Hipparcos and Tycho-2 catalogues are published in Gaia Data Release 1 (DR1) as part of the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS). Aims. In order to test these first parallax measurements of the primary standard candles of the cosmological distance ladder, which involve astrom

This paper deals with a two-echelon spare parts inventory system with one central warehouse and a number of local warehouses facing Poisson demand. Normally, the local warehouses replenish stock from the central warehouse. However, if a demand cannot be satisfied within a pre-determined time window, an emergency shipment is requested from an outside supplier. Moreover, as in practice, this outside

Relay autotuning has proven very successful for single-input single-output systems. This paper proposes an identification method for relay autotuning of systems with two inputs and two outputs (TITO systems). The combination of asymmetric relay feedback and output error identification admits short tuning time, without the need for limit cycle convergence. The method is successfully demonstrated on