Published 25 July 2020 In addition to a breast density category, temporal changes in breast density have gained attention as a dynamic breast cancer risk marker. This case-control study aimed to investigate a potential change in breast density preceding tumor development and the relationship of this potential change to prognostic pathological tumor variables. New publication in European Journal of

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/changes-breast-density-over-serial-mammograms-case-control-study - 2025-03-15

Published 26 July 2020 A total of 37 items operationalizing participation were administered via a questionnaire to 364 next of kin of older people in nursing homes. Measurement properties were tested with factor analysis and Rasch model analysis. New publication in PLOS ONE

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/measuring-next-kins-experience-participation-care-older-people-nursing-homes - 2025-03-15

Published 26 July 2020 In Sub-Saharan Africa, being overweight in childhood is rapidly rising while stunting is still remaining at unacceptable levels. A key contributor to this double burden of malnutrition is dietary changes associated with nutrition transition. Although the importance of socio-economic drivers is known, there is limited knowledge about their stratification and relative importan

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/social-stratification-diet-diversity-and-malnutrition-among-preschoolers-survey-addis-ababa-ethiopia - 2025-03-15

Published 27 July 2020 Clinical practice improvements based on quality-register data are influenced by multiple factors. Although there is agreement that information from quality registers is valuable for quality improvement, practical ways of organising register use have been notoriously difficult to realise. The present study sought to investigate the mechanisms that lead various clinicians to u

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/role-professional-logics-quality-register-use-realist-evaluation-0 - 2025-03-15

Published 27 July 2020 Sun exposure in combination with skin pigmentation is the main determinant for vitamin D status. Human skin color seems to be adapted and optimized for regional sun ultraviolet (UV) intensity. However, we do not know if fair, UV-sensitive skin is a survival advantage in regions with low UV radiation. New publication in PLOS ONE

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/women-fair-phenotypes-seem-confer-survival-advantage-low-uv-milieu-nested-matched-case-control-study - 2025-03-15

Published 28 July 2020 Spatial epidemiological analyses primarily depend on spatially-indexed medical records. Some countries have devised ways of capturing patient-specific spatial details using ZIP codes, postcodes or personal numbers, which are geocoded. However, for most resource-constrained African countries, the absence of a means to capture patient resident location as well as inexistence o

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/establishing-spatially-enabled-health-registry-systems-using-implicit-spatial-data-pools-case-study-0 - 2025-03-15

Published 1 May 2020 Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), a prominent tool for expressing assumptions in epidemiologic research, are most useful when the hypothetical data generating structure is correctly encoded. Understanding a study’s data generating structure and translating that data structure into a DAG can be challenging, but these skills are often glossed over in training. New publication in E

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/graphical-catalog-threats-validity-linking-social-science-epidemiology - 2025-03-15

Published 2 May 2020 Sonographers have reported a high occurrence of musculoskeletal pain for more than 25 years. Assessments of occupational risk factors have previously been based on cross-sectional surveys. The aim of this longitudinal study was to determine which factors at baseline that were associated with neck/shoulder and elbow/hand pain at follow-up. New publication in BMC Musculoskeletal

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/neck-and-upper-extremity-pain-sonographers-longitudinal-study - 2025-03-15

Published 3 May 2020 In the 1980s debate intensified over whether there was a protective effect of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or an adverse effect of triglycerides on coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. In a 1991 paper reprinted in the IJE we suggested that the high degree of correlation between the two, together with plausible levels of measurement error, made it unlikely that co

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/correlation-without-cause-epidemiological-odyssey - 2025-03-15

Published 4 May 2020 Duplicate and salami publication are unethical, but are common practices with substantial consequences for science and society at large. Scientific journals are the ‘gatekeepers’ of the publication process. We investigated journal policies on duplicate and salami publication New publicationin International Journal of Epidemiology

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/duplicate-and-salami-publication-prevalence-study-journal-policies - 2025-03-15

Published 6 May 2020 Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are popular tools for identifying appropriate adjustment strategies for epidemiological analysis. However, a lack of direction on how to build them is problematic. As a solution, we propose using a combination of evidence synthesis strategies and causal inference principles to integrate the DAG-building exercise within the review stages of resear

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/evidence-synthesis-constructing-directed-acyclic-graphs-esc-dags-novel-and-systematic-method - 2025-03-15

Published 7 May 2020 Exposures to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have shown positive associations with serum lipids in previous studies. While many studies on lipids investigated associations with perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), there are only a few studies regarding other PFAS, such as perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS). The purpose of the current stud

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/associations-between-perfluoroalkyl-substances-and-serum-lipids-swedish-adult-population - 2025-03-15

Published 8 May 2020 Partial exchangeability is sufficient for the identification of some causal effects of interest. Here we review the use of common graphical tools and the sufficient component cause model in the context of partial exchangeability. We illustrate the utility of single world intervention graphs (SWIGs) in depicting partial exchangeability and provide an illustrative example of whe

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/graphical-description-partial-exchangeability - 2025-03-15

Published 9 May 2020 For a significant proportion of the older population, increasing age is associated with health problems and worsening health. Older family caregivers are largely responsible for care of next-of-kin living at home, which impacts their own physical and mental health both positively and negatively. However, evidence is insufficient regarding the health situation of older caregive

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/analyzing-situation-older-family-caregivers-focus-health-related-quality-life-and-pain-cross - 2025-03-15

Published 10 May 2020 Analyses of causal mediation are often complicated by treatment-induced confounders of the mediator–outcome relationship. In the presence of such confounders, the natural direct and indirect effects of treatment on the outcome, into which the total effect can be additively decomposed, are not identified. An alternative but similar set of effects, known as randomized intervent

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/effect-decomposition-presence-treatment-induced-confounding-regression-residuals-approach - 2025-03-15

Published 11 May 2020 Heparin is the preferred choice of anticoagulant in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (MI). An established dosage of heparin has not yet been determined, but treatment may be optimized through monitoring of activated clotting time (ACT).. New publication in Europe PMC

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/relationship-between-degree-heparin-anticoagulation-and-clinical-outcome-patients-receiving-potent - 2025-03-15

Published 12 May 2020 This issue of the Journal contains two articles focusing on how to draw causal conclusions using data from multiple studies that would generally be analyzed via meta-analysis. New publication in Epidemiology.

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/importance-homogeneous-effect-modification-causal-interpretation-meta-analyses - 2025-03-15

Published 13 May 2020 In this population-based study, we compared the incidence of distal radius fracture in 2016 with that in the same region’s adult general population in 2001 using radiographs to identify fracture cases. We showed that the incidence decreased by 24% in 2016 compared with 2001 indicating an important development. New publication in Osteoporosis International

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/incidence-distal-radius-fracture-general-population-southern-sweden-2016-compared-2001 - 2025-03-15

Published 14 May 2020 We recently suggested new statistical metrics for routine reporting in random-effects meta-analyses to convey evidence strength for scientifically meaningful effects under effect heterogeneity. First, given a chosen threshold of meaningful effect size, we suggested reporting the estimated proportion of true population effect sizes above this threshold. Second, we suggested re

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/robust-metrics-and-sensitivity-analyses-meta-analyses-heterogeneous-effects - 2025-03-15

Published 15 May 2020 In this prospectively registered cohort study, we analyzed clinical, pathological, and survival outcomes for patients operated in the period 2008–2015 and compared the two strategies. New publication in World Journal of Surgery

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/outcomes-simultaneous-resections-and-classical-strategy-synchronous-colorectal-liver-metastases - 2025-03-15