By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 21 May 2021 The nine Bradford Hill (BH) viewpoints (sometimes referred to as criteria) are commonly used to assess causality within epidemiology. However, causal thinking has since developed, with three of the most prominent approaches implicitly or explicitly building on the potential outcomes framework: directed acyclic grap

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/assessing-causality-epidemiology-revisiting-bradford-hill-incorporate-developments-causal-thinking - 2025-04-17

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 24 May 2021 It has also often been stated that the fixed nature of the genetic code provides complete immunity to bias from reverse causation in Mendelian randomization studies because genetic variants must precede the outcome in time. Here, we demonstrate how reverse causation can lead to bias in Mendelian randomization analy

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/are-mendelian-randomization-investigations-immune-bias-due-reverse-causation - 2025-04-17

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 24 May 2021 Photo: Mark Ledingham At the Department of Archeology, History, Religious Studies and Theology there is a vacancy for a permanent position as associate professor in population studies at the Norwegian Historical Data Centre. The workplace is at UiT in Tromsø. Read more and apply for the position at https://www.jobb

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/job-opportunity-associate-professor-population-studies - 2025-04-17

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 25 May 2021 In case-control studies most algorithms allow the controls to be sampled several times, which is not always optimal. If many controls are available and adjustment for several covariates is necessary, matching without replacement might increase statistical efficiency. Comparing similar units when having observationa

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/fast-and-optimal-algorithm-case-control-matching-using-registry-data-application-antibiotics-use - 2025-04-17

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 26 May 2021 Photo: Pixabay / Pexels Combining trauma registry data and matched traffic accident records data with GIS analysis identifies additional risk factors for bicyclist injury. Trauma centers should champion efforts to prospectively link public traffic accident data to their trauma registries. Read the paper at https://

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/enhancing-trauma-registries-integrating-traffic-records-and-geospatial-analysis-improve-bicyclist - 2025-04-17

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 27 May 2021 Photo: Pixabay / geralt The Danish National Register of assisted reproductive technology (ART) was initially established in 1994. The register comprises complete information on all ART procedures in public and private clinics in Denmark from 2013 and onwards, including baseline information on the cause of infertili

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/danish-national-register-assisted-reproductive-technology-content-and-research-potentials - 2025-04-17

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 28 May 2021 A semiquantitative risk factor has 2 components: any exposure (yes/no) and the quantitative amount of exposure (if exposed). We describe the statistical properties of alternative analyses with such a risk factor using linear, logistic, or Cox proportional hazards models. Read the paper at https://academic.oup.com/a

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/models-assess-association-semiquantitative-exposure-outcomes - 2025-04-17

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 29 May 2021 When estimating causal effects, careful handling of missing data is needed to avoid bias. Complete-case analysis is commonly used in epidemiologic analyses. Previous work has shown that covariate-stratified effect estimates from complete-case analysis are unbiased when missingness is independent of the outcome cond

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/when-complete-case-approach-missing-data-valid-importance-effect-measure-modification - 2025-04-17

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 30 May 2021 We propose combining population-based register data with a nested clinical cohort to correct misclassification and unmeasured confounding through probabilistic quantification of bias. We have illustrated this approach by estimating the association between knee osteoarthritis and mortality. Read the paper at https:/

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/probabilistic-quantification-bias-combine-strengths-population-based-register-data-and-clinical-1 - 2025-04-17

Published 3 May 2018 A platform for safe handling of data at the medical faculty Infosäk will shortly publish complete information about the project. Meanwhile, you can read more here.

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/infosak - 2025-04-17

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 31 May 2021 Photo: flickr / Mitchell Joyce Laboratory-based animal research has revealed a number of exposures with multigenerational effects—ones that affect the children and grandchildren of those directly exposed. An important task for epidemiology is to investigate these relationships in human populations. Read the paper a

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/methodological-issues-population-based-studies-multigenerational-associations - 2025-04-17

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 1 June 2021 Photo: Pixabay / Gerd Altmann In observational studies using routinely collected data, a variable with a high level of missingness or misclassification may determine whether an observation is included in the analysis. In settings where inclusion criteria are assessed after imputation, the popular multiple-imputatio

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/multiple-imputation-variance-estimation-studies-missing-or-misclassified-inclusion-criteria - 2025-04-17

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 2 June 2021 Photo: Pixabay / Gerd Altmann A growing number of studies use data before and after treatment initiation in groups exposed to different treatment strategies to estimate “causal effects” using a ratio measure called the prior event rate ratio (PERR). Here, we offer a causal interpretation for PERR and its additive s

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/causal-interpretation-rate-change-methods-prior-event-rate-ratio-and-rate-difference - 2025-04-17

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 2 June 2021 Image from pixabay / pearson0612 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the coming transition to a postpandemic world where COVID-19 will likely remain as an endemic disease present a host of challenges and opportunities in epidemiologic research. Read the paper at https://academic.oup.com/aje/article

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/what-now-epidemiology-wake-pandemic - 2025-04-17

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 3 June 2021 Suppose that an investigator wants to estimate an association between a continuous exposure variable and an outcome, adjusting for a set of confounders. If the exposure variable suffers classical measurement error, in which the measured exposures are distributed with independent error around the true exposure, then

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/reducing-bias-due-exposure-measurement-error-using-disease-risk-scores - 2025-04-17

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 4 June 2021 Photo: Kennet Ruona In aspiring to be discerning epidemiologists, we must learn to think critically about the fundamental concepts in our field and be able to understand and apply many of the novel methods being developed today. We must also find effective ways to teach both basic and advanced topics in epidemiolog

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/simulation-tool-teaching-and-learning-epidemiologic-methods - 2025-04-17

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 5 June 2021 Photo: Pixabay / Arek Socha Factorial Mendelian randomization is the use of genetic variants to answer questions about interactions. Although the approach has been used in applied investigations, little methodological advice is available on how to design or perform a factorial Mendelian randomization analysis. Read

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/factorial-mendelian-randomization-using-genetic-variants-assess-interactions - 2025-04-17

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 6 June 2021 Unmeasured confounding can bias the relationship between exposure and outcome. Sensitivity analyses generate bias-adjusted measures but these are not much used; this may change with the availability of the E-value (for evidence for causality in observational studies), appealing for its ease of calculation. Read the

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/bias-factor-maximum-bias-and-e-value-insight-and-extended-applications - 2025-04-17

By anna [dot] axmon [at] med [dot] lu [dot] se (Anna Axmon) - published 7 June 2021 Photo: Pixabay / Colin Behrens We illustrate the method and some potential choices using data from England for men diagnosed with melanoma. Various marginal measures are presented and compared. Read the paper at https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/49/5/1614/5896134

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/reference-adjusted-and-standardized-all-cause-and-crude-probabilities-alternative-net-survival - 2025-04-17

Published 27 May 2021 Fotograf: Håkan Röjder The PhD position is linked to the research project The long reach of the neighborhood: Health, education and earnings in Landskrona, Sweden, 1904-2015, funded by Handelsbankens forskningsstiftelser. The PhD student will work in this project in collaboration with other project members and will be affiliated with the Centre for Economic Demography at LUSE

https://www.lupop.lu.se/article/phd-position-economic-history-neighborhood-effects-over-life-course - 2025-04-17