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Mapping the reduction in gross primary productivity in subarctic birch forests due to insect outbreaks

It is projected that forest disturbances, such as insect outbreaks, will have an increasingly negative impact on forests with a warmer climate. These disturbance events can have a substantial impact on forests' ability to absorb atmospheric CO2, and may even turn forests from carbon sinks into carbon sources; hence, it is important to develop methods both to monitor forest disturbances and to quan

Globally standardized versus locally adapted packaging : A case study at Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into, and guidance on, how to balance packaging standardisation and adaptation strategies in different markets in the fast moving consumer electronic goods (FMCEG) industry.Design/methodology/approach– The research was explorative in nature and was utilised in a case study format. The main data collection methods were a literature review, i

Bovine β-casein has a polydisperse distribution of equilibrium micelles

β-casein, a self-associating protein, has been extensively studied over the years, and it is a molecule that is of academic, industrial, and clinical relevance. Therefore it is of interest to understand the structural and conformational properties of the assemblies, also denoted micelles. Here we show that β-casein possess a polydisperse distribution of equilibrium micelles, which has, to the auth

Changes in proteins, physical stability and structure in directly heated UHT milk during storage at different temperatures

Changes occurring in directly heated UHT milk were studied during storage at 5, 22, 30 and 40 °C. Industrially produced UHT milk samples were analysed for changes in enzymatic activity, protein modification, destabilisation of casein micelles and relocation of milk proteins in relation to sedimentation and gel formation. Sedimentation occurred at all temperatures, and the protein composition of th

Agricultural management practices influence AMF diversity and community composition with cascading effects on plant productivity

Understanding the effects of different agricultural practices on the mycorrhizal symbiosis is important for agricultural production and the sustainable use of soil. We investigated the composition and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soils from fields under different agricultural practices (conventional and organic cereal fields, leys and permanent pastures) in southern Sweden. T

Fabrication of user-friendly and biomimetic 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole cross-linked gelatin/agar microfluidic devices

We have developed a straightforward technique for fabricating user-friendly and biomimetic microfluidic devices out of a gelatin/agar gel cross-linked with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole. The fabrication procedure requires only inexpensive starting materials such as glass capillaries and wires to mold 3D cylindrical channels into the gel with the possibility of achieving channel diameters of 375 μm and

Testing the performances of automated identification of bat echolocation calls : A request for prudence

Echolocating bats are surveyed and studied acoustically with bat detectors routinely and worldwide, yet identification of species from calls often remains ambiguous or impossible due to intraspecific call variation and/or interspecific overlap in call design. To overcome such difficulties and to reduce workload, automated classifiers of echolocation calls have become popular, but their performance

Local heat transfer in subcooled flow boiling in a vertical mini-gap channel

An experimental study of subcooled flow boiling in a high-aspect-ratio, one-sided heating rectangular mini-gap channel was conducted using deionized water. The local heat transfer coefficient, onset of nucleate boiling (ONB), and flow pattern of subcooled boiling were investigated. The influence of heat flux and mass flux were studied with the aid of a high-speed camera. The bubbles were generated

Ecotoxicological assessment of propiconazole using soil bacterial and fungal growth assays

Effects of the fungicide propiconazole on soil microorganisms were tested using [3H] leucine incorporation and [14C] acetate in ergosterol incorporation to measure bacterial and fungal growth inhibition, respectively. Growth was compared to basal respiration (BR) and substrate-induced respiration (SIR) in soil microcosms established according to the OECD 217 guideline. Fungal growth was most sensi

On resilient control of dynamical flow networks

Resilience has become a key aspect in the design of contemporary infrastructure networks. This comes as a result of ever-increasing loads, limited physical capacity, and fast-growing levels of interconnectedness and complexity due to the recent technological advancements. The problem has motivated a considerable amount of research within the last few years, particularly focused on the dynamical as

The dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy and its relation to pumping power in inline rotor-stator mixers

The theoretical understanding of inline rotor-stator mixer (RSM) efficiency, described in terms of the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy as a function of mixer design and operation, is still poor. As opposed to the correlations for shaft power draw, where a substantial amount of experimental support for the suggested correlations exists, the previously suggested correlations for the dis

Influence of Fibers and Particle Size Distribution on Food Rheology

This chapter deals with the rheology of dietary fiber (DF) suspensions and how the microstructural properties influence it. The origin of the vegetable DF investigated was tomato, apple, carrot, potato, parsnip, and yacon.The amount and composition of the soluble/insoluble fiber have been measured for each type of fiber. For the insoluble part the microstructural properties such as form, degree of

Adaptation response surfaces for managing wheat under perturbed climate and CO2 in a Mediterranean environment

Adaptation of crops to climate change has to be addressed locally due to the variability of soil, climate and the specific socio-economic settings influencing farm management decisions. Adaptation of rainfed cropping systems in the Mediterranean is especially challenging due to the projected decline in precipitation in the coming decades, which will increase the risk of droughts. Methods that can

Astroglial activation and altered amyloid metabolism in human repetitive concussion

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether postconcussion syndrome (PCS) due to repetitive concussive traumatic brain injury (rcTBI) is associated with CSF biomarker evidence of astroglial activation, amyloid deposition, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment.METHODS: A total of 47 participants (28 professional athletes with PCS and 19 controls) were assessed with lumbar puncture (median 1.5 years, range 0

Intranasal Administration of the Antisecretory Peptide AF-16 Reduces Edema and Improves Cognitive Function Following Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury in the Rat

A synthetic peptide with antisecretory activity, antisecretory factor (AF)-16, improves injury-related deficits in water and ion transport and decreases intracranial pressure after experimental cold lesion injury and encephalitis although its role in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is unknown. AF-16 or an inactive reference peptide was administrated intranasally 30 min following midline fluid percuss

Intra- and interregional coregulation of opioid genes : broken symmetry in spinal circuits

Regulation of the formation and rewiring of neural circuits by neuropeptides may require coordinated production of these signaling molecules and their receptors that may be established at the transcriptional level. Here, we address this hypothesis by comparing absolute expression levels of opioid peptides with their receptors, the largest neuropeptide family, and by characterizing coexpression (tr