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Micro- and nanophase separations in hierarchical self-assembly of strongly amphiphilic block copolymer-based ionic supramolecules

By a selective complexation between different alkyltrimethylammonium amphiphiles (C8, C12 and C16) and three different diblock copolymer systems of poly(styrene)-b-poly(methacrylic acid) at various grafting densities X (X = number of alkyl chains per acidic group of the poly(methacrylic acid) PMAA block), a class of ionic supramolecules are successfully synthesized whose molecular architecture con

X-Ray Phase-Contrast CT of a Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Mouse Model

To explore the potential of grating-based x-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (CT) for preclinical research, a genetically engineered mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) was investigated. One ex-vivo mouse specimen was scanned with different grating-based phase-contrast CT imaging setups covering two different settings: i) high-resolution synchrotron radiation (SR) imaging

Measurement of the tau lepton polarisation at LEP2

A first measurement of the average polarisation P-tau of tau leptons produced in e(+)e(-) annihilation at energies significantly above the Z resonance is presented. The polarisation is determined from the kinematic spectra of tau hadronic decays. The measured value P-tau = -0.164 +/- 0.125 is consistent with the Standard Model prediction for the mean LEP energy of 197 GeV. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. A

Carboxylation of pincer PCP platinum methoxide complexes under formation of metalla carbonates

The ligand 2,6-bis[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]benzene ((PCP)H) was prepared and characterised in an improved manner. With platinum it forms the complex (PCP)PtOTf which reacts with sodium methoxide to give (PCP)PtOMe as the major product together with a small amount of [(PCP)Pt](2)-mu-H. The platinum methoxide reacts with carbon dioxide to give (PCP)PtO(CO)OMe. Also the dinuclear [(PCP)Pt](2)(mu-O(

Geographic distribution of need and access to health care in rural population: an ecological study in Iran

Introduction: Equity in access to and utilization of health services is a common goal of policy-makers in most countries. The current study aimed to evaluate the distribution of need and access to health care services among Iran's rural population between 2006 and 2009. Methods: Census data on population's characteristics in each province were obtained from the Statistical Centre of Iran and Natio

Great apes can defer exchange: a replication with different results suggesting future oriented behavior.

The topic of cognitive foresight in non-human animals has received considerable attention in the last decade. The main questions concern whether the animals can prepare for upcoming situations which are, to various degrees, contextually or sensorially detached from the situation in which the preparations are made. Studies on great apes have focused on tool-related tasks, e.g., the ability to selec

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This contribution questions the influential interpretation that strong unions and centralized wage bargaining facilitate wage restraint and that during the postwar period wage restraint was an important cause of strong economic growth performance. This view is contrasted with a power-oriented perspective that sees strong unions as conducive to redistribution from capital to labour, rather than wag

Biological Functions of Iduronic Acid in Chondroitin/Dermatan Sulfate in Tumor and Brain Development

Popular Abstract in Swedish Under sin livstid kommer var tredje svensk i personlig kontakt med någon tumörform. För att effektivare kunna behandla cancer behöver vi bättre förstå de bakomliggande mekanismerna. Varför växer en cancer och hur sker spridningen till andra organ? En cancervävnad består av ett stort antal olika celler som ständigt kommunicerar med varandra. I en frisk vävnad finns regleCell behavior such as migration and proliferation, especially during cancer development, are balanced by the surrounding environment. Complex polysaccharides called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are part of this environment and they are known to modulate tumor development. One of these GAGs, dermatan/chondroitin sulfate (CS/DS), is attached to proteins either bound to the cell surface or secreted in t

Comparative Toxicity of Nanoparticulate CuO and ZnO to Soil Bacterial Communities

The increasing industrial application of metal oxide Engineered Nano-Particles (ENPs) is likely to increase their environmental release to soils. While the potential of metal oxide ENPs as environmental toxicants has been shown, lack of suitable control treatments have compromised the power of many previous assessments. We evaluated the ecotoxicity of ENP (nano) forms of Zn and Cu oxides in two di

Laboratory Parametric Study of Moisture Condition in Covered Underfloor heated concrete slabs

This study was performed on 42 floor slabs where the moisture was measured at several occasions and the effect of cast in under floor heating was evaluated. A simulation model of moisture redistribution is present. Major finding was that the drying time decreases when the floor heating is started early under the drying process and moisture measurement should be made right between the heating pipes

Planar lamellae and onions: a spatially resolved rheo-NMR approach to the shear-induced structural transformations in a surfactant model system

The shear-induced transformations between oriented planar lamellae and a state of closely packed multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) in a lyotropic nonionic surfactant model system were studied by the combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and diffusometry with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). H-2 NMR imaging confirmed the discontinuous nature of the transition from onions to plan