Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a generic term that refers to the transferrin glycoforms whose concentration in blood is temporarily increased by sustained alcohol consumption. Due to high clinical specificity, CDT was proposed as a biomarker of heavy alcohol use and has been available for about 20 years. A number of methods have been developed for CDT measurement based on different an

Aims/hypothesis We selected the most informative protein biomarkers for the prediction of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people with type 2 diabetes. Methods In this nested case-control study we measured 42 candidate CVD biomarkers in 1,123 incident CVD cases and 1,187 controls with type 2 diabetes selected from five European centres. Combinations of biomarkers were selected using cross-

The extent to which sexual dimorphism can evolve within a population depends on an interaction between sexually divergent selection and constraints imposed by a genetic architecture that is shared between males and females. The degree of constraint within a population is normally inferred from the intersexual genetic correlation, r(mf) . However, such bivariate correlations ignore the potential co

Non-traumatic pain in the shoulder, arm and hand (brachialgia) is a common complaint in the field of musculoskeletal disorders, where nerve entrapment constitutes a possible cause. The effect of nerve compression is dose-dependent; hence a low-level compression will only result in decreased endoneurial circulation, neural edema and a Seddon's grade-IV weakness, but won't be revealed in nerve condu

The Danish national return-to-work (RTW) program aims to improve the management of municipal sickness benefit in Denmark. A study is currently ongoing to evaluate the RTW program. The purpose of this article is to describe the study protocol. The program includes 21 municipalities encompassing approximately 19 500 working-age adults on long-term sickness absence, regardless of reason for sickness

A high-resolution , X-ray and gamma-ray coincidence spectroscopy experiment was conducted at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung. Thirty correlated alpha-decay chains were detected following the fusion-evaporation reaction 48Ca + 243Am. The observations are consistent with previous assignments of similar decay chains to originate from element Z = 115. For the first time, precise spec

Fear conditioning is an important survival mechanism, as is the ability to generalize learned fear responses to stimuli that are similar to the original conditioned stimulus. Overgeneralization of fear learning, prominent in many anxiety disorders, is however highly maladaptive. Because sleep is involved in the consolidation of fear learning, and in active processing of information, the present st

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and slowly progressive disease for which biomarkers may be able to provide a more rapid indication of therapeutic responses to therapy than is currently available; this could accelerate and facilitate OA drug discovery and development programs. The goal of this document is to provide a summary and guide to the application of in vitro (biochemical and oth

Researchers in the scientific community actively discuss the fact that polymer hydrogels synthesized by crosslinking polly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) with epichlorohydrin (EPI) in the presence of D-glucose-6-phosphate monobarium salt do not show or show imprinting on the molecular level. In the work reported here, a polymer hydrogel was synthesized in the presence of flumequine (FQ) by crossl

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be of particular concern in cancer as they possess inherent properties of self-renewal and differentiation, along with expressing certain genes related to a mesenchymal phenotype. These features favour the promotion of tumour recurrence and metastasis in cancer patients. Thus, the optimal chemotherapeutic treatment should target the CSC population, either

Casein (CN) micelles are naturally occurring colloidal protein aggregates present in a dispersed state in milk. In this paper we aim to obtain a detailed description of physicochemical properties of CN micelles over the entire size distribution using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF) connected to multiangle light scattering (MALS) and refractive index (RI) detection. Conclusions

A new strategy of molecular imprinting to prepare spherical hydrogels via water-in-oil Pickering emulsion polymerization was developed. The imprinted hydrogels exhibited fast adsorption kinetics and significant selectivity for the target protein.

We investigate the dependence of resonance energy transfer from Wannier-Mott excitons to an organic overlayer on exciton dimensionality. We exploit the excitonic potential disorder in a single quantum well to tune the balance between localized and free excitons by scaling the Boltzmann distribution of excitons through temperature. Theoretical calculations predict the experimentally observed temper

In the current paper, we derive a rigorous convergence analysis for a broad range of splitting schemes applied to abstract nonlinear evolution equations, including the Lie and Peaceman-Rachford splittings. The analysis is in particular applicable to (possibly degenerate) quasilinear parabolic problems and their dimension splittings. The abstract framework is based on the theory of maximal dissipat

In 1961, Ernst Mayr published a highly influential article on the nature of causation in biology, in which he distinguished between proximate and ultimate causes. Mayr argued that proximate causes (e.g. physiological factors) and ultimate causes (e.g. natural selection) addressed distinct 'how' and 'why' questions and were not competing alternatives. That distinction retains explanatory value toda

Objective: Schizophrenia is associated with premature mortality, but the specific causes and pathways are unclear. The authors used outpatient and inpatient data for a national population to examine the association between schizophrenia and mortality and comorbidities. Method: This was a national cohort study of 6,097,834 Swedish adults, including 8,277 with schizophrenia, followed for 7 years (20

In the present study, the heat transfer and pressure drop in the turn region of a two-pass channel have been investigated experimentally. The liquid crystal thermography method is utilized to measure local heat transfer rates. Eight cases were tested, including one smooth, and seven different rib-roughened turn surfaces. The tested Reynolds numbers are 20,000 and 26,000, respectively. Results indi