A new quantum chemical definition is proposed of the full atomic valence, VA, taking into account both the covalent and ionic parts of the chemical bonds formed by atoms in molecules and crystals. The full atomic valencies, covalencies, and charges on atoms are calculated for nickel–oxygen crystalline compounds in the CNDO band theory approximation. A comparison of the chemical bonding in nickel a

The interactions between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and mineral particles are critical for the stabilization of soil organic matter (SOM) in terrestrial ecosystems. The processing of DOM by ectomycorrhizal fungi contributes to the formation of mineral-stabilized SOM by two contrasting pathways: the extracellular transformation of DOM (ex vivo pathway) and the secretion of mineral-surface-react

A quantum‐chemical definition is proposed of the full atomic valence taking into account both, covalent and ionic components of chemical bonds formed by an atom in molecules or crystals. Atomic charges, covalent bond orders, and full atomic valencies of lead and oxygen atoms in the crystalline lead oxides are calculated in the framework of the LUC‐CNDO approach.

We present experimental measurements of harmonic generation in xenon using a 1064-nm 40-psec Nd-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser. The harmonic yield is studied as a function of the position of the laser focus in the atomic beam. It shows regular oscillations whose period decreases with increasing harmonic order and which can be interpreted as phase-matching effects due to the tight focusing geo

Multiply charged ions are easily formed in rare gases by multiphoton absorption processes. For Kr and Xe up to quadruply charged ions are formed. They are induced by a bandwidth-limited 50 ps laser pulse at 1.064 W cm -2 intensity range. Doubly charged ions are formed through the absorption of a very large number of photons (29 for Xe) in a direct transition from the ground state of the atom to th

Xe**2** plus ions can easily be formed by multiphoton absorption in Xe atoms at 0. 53 mu m. A kinetic model is developed which is based on the rate equations describing the evolution of populations of Xe atoms, Xe** plus and Xe**2** plus ions. The result is that the ratio of the number of Xe**2** plus to Xe** plus ions varies with the pulse duration tau as tau ** minus **3**/**2.

The barley genome is comprised of more than 39,000 high-confidence genes, which represent many valuable targets for breeders as well as plant researchers trying to understand the genetic network controlling the various grass species, especially members of the Triticeae tribe including barley, wheat, and rye. The present chapter provides an overview of how past activities with barley mutants, marke

Organic agriculture is a production system that aims at sustaining healthy soils, ecosystems and people by prohibiting the application of synthetic pesticides and fertilisers in crop production and by emphasising animal welfare in livestock breeding. This article shows that organic agriculture is characterised by higher soil quality and reduced nutrient or pesticide leaching compared to nonorganic

The presence of unobserved heterogeneity and its likely detrimental effect on inference has recently motivated the use of factor-augmented panel regression models. The workhorse of this literature is based on first estimating the unknown factors using the cross-section averages of the observables, and then applying ordinary least squares conditional on the first-step factor estimates. This is the

A composite Higgs boson is likely to be accompanied by additional light states generated by the same dynamics. This expectation is substantiated when realizing the composite Higgs mechanism by an underlying gauge theory. We review the dynamics of such objects, which may well be the first sign of compositeness at colliders. We also update our previous analysis of the bounds from LHC searches to the

Objective: A liquid mepolizumab formulation in a single-use prefilled syringe (PFS) is under development. We evaluated the usability of mepolizumab self-injected via PFS by patients with severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA), or their caregivers, in clinic and at home. Methods: This open-label, single-arm, Phase IIIa study included patients with SEA, aged ≥12 years, and receiving mepolizumab (100 mg su

The local magnetic field inside and around an object in a magnetic resonance imaging unit depends on the magnetic susceptibility of the object being magnetized, in combination with its geometry/orientation. Magnetic susceptibility can thus be exploited as a source of tissue contrast, and susceptibility imaging may also become a useful tool in contrast agent quantification and for assessment of ven

Background: In clinical research information can be retrieved through various sources. The aim is to evaluate the agreement between answers in patient questionnaires and clinical reports in a study of patients after radical prostatectomy and patient characteristics associated with agreement between these two data sources. Methods: In the prospective non-randomized longitudinal trial LAParoscopic P

Contrary to common perception, we show that the current Higgs data does not eliminate the possibility of a sequential fourth generation that get their masses through the same Higgs mechanism as the first three generations. The inability to fix the sign of the bottom-quark Yukawa coupling from the available data plays a crucial role in accommodating a chiral fourth generation which is consistent wi

Vilka nya konsumtionsformat växer fram inom den kollaborativa ekonomin och hur förhåller dessa sig till en normativ konsumtionskultur? Bidraget diskuterar tre olika exempel på hur olika former för delande - med lånepraktiker i centrum - kan organiseras och vilka normer och värderinhgar som är knutna till dessa.

The authors present calculations of the two-photon one-electron ionisation of the 5p shell of xenon including non-linear response. Screening effects are described within the random-phase approximation (RPA). The authors use both a local-density approximation (LDA) and a Hartree-Fock average basis set. They describe a large energy region from the two-photon ionisation threshold to above the one-pho

We review the main experimental results obtained in the multielectron multiphoton ionization of rare gases. Multiple ionization is interpretated as a sequential process. We study the influence of many‐electron effects in multiphoton ionization within the framework of the random phase approximation. This is applied to a calculation of the two‐photon ionization cross section of xenon. Finally, the r