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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) mycelia are dependent on contact with plant roots for spore formation. In this study, earthworms and collembolans were regarded as potential dispersal vectors of AM fungal spores and hyphae, and we determined how they influenced the extension of AM fungi from host plant roots. Plantago lanceolata seedlings were grown in a mesh bag with an AM inoculurn of dried soil and
The problem of reconstructing 3D scene features from multiple views with known camera motion and given image correspondences is considered. This is a classical and one of the most basic geometric problems in computer vision and photogrammetry. Yet, previous methods fail to guarantee optimal reconstructions - they are either plagued by local minima or rely on a non-optimal cost-function. A common f
AIMS: The oncological, surgical and cosmetic results, patient satisfaction and psychological morbidity of immediate breast reconstruction following mastectomy for breast cancer were evaluated. METHODS: From 1980 to 1994, 79 immediate breast reconstructions were performed in Malmo. From 1985 immediate breast reconstruction was performed in 21% of mastectomies among patients
One of the five largest mass extinctions of the past 600 million years occurred at the boundary of the Triassic and Jurassic periods, 201.6 million years ago. The loss of marine biodiversity at the time has been linked to extreme greenhouse warming, triggered by the release of carbon dioxide from flood basalt volcanism in the central Atlantic Ocean. In contrast, the biotic turnover in terrestrial
A method for the determination of electron density using a narrow beam attenuation geometry is described. The method does not require that the elemental composition of the phantom materials is known. The Hounsfield numbers for the phantom materials used were determined using five different CT scanners. A relationship between Hounsfield number and electron density can thus be established, which is
Background: Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS) like Tamoxifen and Raloxifen are used for menopausal symptoms, prevention of cardio-vascular diseases, osteoporosis and mammary carcinoma. Tamoxifen acts as an estrogen inhibitor on the mammary gland, but stimulates postmenopausal uterine mucosa in about 25% of cases while decreasing the risk of osteoporosis. Materials, Methods and Results
Five parkinsonian patients who had received implants of human embryonic mesencephalic tissue unilaterally in the striatum 10-56 months earlier were grafted with tissue from four to eight donors into the putamen (four patients) or the putamen plus the caudate nucleus (one patient) on the other side, and were followed for 18-24 months. After 12-18 months, PET showed a mean 85% increase in 6-L-[18F]f
To study the composition of wild strawberries grown at high altitude, total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and individual phenolic compounds were measured in wild strawberries (Fragaria vesca) collected between 2,650 and 3,300 m above sea level in Bolivia. Total antioxidant capacity, as assessed by the ferric-reducing antioxidant power and 2,2¢-azinobis( 3-ethylb
The development of a model for any energy system is required for proper design, operation or its monitoring. Models based on accurate mathematical expressions for physical processes are mostly useful to understand the actual operation of the plant. However, for large systems like combined heat and power (CHP) plants, such models are usually complex in nature. The estimation of output parameters us
OBJECTIVE In childhood onset GH deficiency (GHD) a reduction in left ventricular mass (LV-mass) and impairment of systolic function as well an impairment in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has been shown. The aim of the present study was to assess if a low GH dose resulted in an improvement in morphological and functional parameters of these organs. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Eleven patients with childh
BACKGROUND: Diclofenac is widely used for postoperative analgesia but the perioperative safety of this drug is controversial because of its effect on platelet aggregation, which might increase blood loss. In a prospective investigator-blinded study the effects of diclofenac and paracetamol on pain and blood loss were compared in patients undergoing tonsillectomy. METHOD: Ninety patients were rando
This paper focuses on system-level design methods for low energy consumption in architectures employing variable-voltage processors. Two lowenergy design flows are introduced. The first, Speed-up and Stretch, is based on the performance vs. low-energy design trade-off. The second, Eye-on-Energy, is based on energy sensitive scheduling and assignment techniques. Both of the approaches presented in
The oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII) gives rise to manganese-derived electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals in the S0 and S2 oxidation states. These signals exhibit different microwave power saturation behavior between 4 and 10 K. Below 8 K, the S0 state EPR signal is a faster relaxer than the S2 multiline signal, but above 8 K, the S0 signal is the slower relaxer of t
The relative importance for algae of fish excretion and fish predation on zooplankton was studied in experimental pools. Even- (zoo- and phytoplankton) and odd-link systems (planktivorous fish, zoo- and phytoplankton) were established, in which the standing stock of primary producers was expected to follow the predictions from food chain theory sensu Oksanen. Two intermediate treatments (fish pred
Objective: To evaluate efficacy and cost-effectiveness of budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort*) maintenance (one dose once or twice daily) plus additional doses as needed (Symbicort Maintenance And Reliever Therapy, SMART) compared with a higher fixed dose of budesonide/ formoterol with formoterol as needed in patients with persistent asthma. Study design and methods: 6-month, open, randomised study
Here, we describe the preparation, structure, and properties of cryogel sponges, which represent a new type of macroporous biomaterial for tissue engineering. Cryogels were produced through freeze-thawing techniques, either from agarose alone or from agarose with grafted gelatin. The aim of this study was to evaluate agarose cryogel sponges as scaffolds for Culturing both isolated pancreatic islet
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a neoplasm composed of myofibroblastic spindle cells and infiltrating inflammatory cells. Cytogenetic analyses have revealed that a subgroup of IMT, in particular among children and young adults, harbors clonal chromosomal rearrangements involving chromosome band 2p23. Further, molecular genetic studies have shown that these rearrangements target the ALK
We have investigated the formation of supported bilayers by coadsorption of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) with the nonionic surfactant P-D-dodecyl maltoside. The adsorption of mixed phospholipid-surfactant micelles on hydrophilic silica surfaces at 25 degrees C was followed as a function of bulk concentration by neutron reflection. Using chain-deuterated d(25)-beta-D-dodecyl maltoside and
We propose a setup which allows us to couple the electron spin degree of freedom to the mechanical motions of a nanomechanical system not involving any of the ferromagnetic components. The proposed method employs the strain-induced spin-orbit interaction of electrons in narrow gap semiconductors. We have shown how this method can be used for detection and manipulation of the spin flow through a su
