In a recent paper,(1) we investigated how the interaction between two adsorbing surfaces in a polymer solution responds to changes of the intrinsic stiffness of the polymer chains. We demonstrated that as the chain rigidity is increased, starting from the fully flexible limit, a free energy barrier develops. In this work, we shall continue our studies of semiflexible polymers but focus on the othe

The sociology of research and knowledge use, argue the authors, could be a way of linking important parts of sociology, such as organization studies, the sociology of science to each other. In the article, they discuss the idea that organizational responses to environments are related to research utilization. Based upon an empirical investigation of city welfare departments, four empirical “utiliz

We investigated the relationship between nitric oxide (NO) and Na+,K+-ATPase (NKA) in the gill of anadromous Atlantic salmon. Cells containing NO-producing enzymes were revealed by means of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunocytochemistry and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPHd) histochernistry, which can be used as an indicator of NOS activity, i.e. NO production. Antibo

Abstract is not available

CD4+ T cells that recognize residues 256–270 of type II collagen (CII) associated with the I-Aq (Aq) molecule play a central role in disease pathogenesis in murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Disease is most efficiently induced by immunization with heterologous CII, which elicits heterologous, e.g. bovine, CII256–270:I-Aq-specific T cells that only poorly cross-react with mouse CII. The self

Affinity precipitation of proteins uses polymers capable of reversible soluble-insoluble transitions in response to small environmental changes (temperature, pH or solvent composition). Here we describe protocols for (i) the synthesis of responsive polymers with specific affinity to target proteins and (ii) the purification of proteins using these polymers. The purification is based on precipitati

In this work a method was developed for characterisation of commercially available polymers consisting of mixtures of substituted cellulose and starch. Selective hydrolysis with specific enzymes was used to achieve separation of the two polymers in the mixture. Enzymes hydrolysing (1 -> 4)-alpha-D and (1 -> 6)-alpha-D-glycosidic bonds were used for the starch part and enzymes hydrolysing (1 -> 4)-

Background and purpose Early migration of joint replacements is an effect of poor fixation and can predict late loosening. By reducing the bone resorption after implantation of a joint replacement, it should be possible to enhance the initial fixation of the implant. We studied the effect of once-weekly treatment with alendronate after knee replacement. Patients and methods We recruited 60 patient

Background Pain at the site of intravenous injection of propofol is a common clinical finding. This double-blind, randomized cross-over study was designed to evaluate whether venous occlusion applied during injection of a low dose of propofol reduces the intensity of pain at the site of injection compared with no occlusion. Methods Bilateral 0.5-ml injections of an emulsion containing 10 mg/ml of

OBJECTIVES: A six country Pan-European study of aspects of urogenital ageing (UGA). METHODS: The study was carried out using a stratified random sample of 3000 women between the ages of 55 and 75 years. RESULTS: A total of 30% suffered from UGA symptoms, of whom 60% made efforts to alleviate their UGA problems, most commonly using HRT. There were some international differences regarding womens' pe

A study of the Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian strata in Jamtland, central Sweden, shows that large-scale changes in shelf deposition took place close to the systems boundary. These changes include unconformity development and the replacement of a siliciclastic shelf with a carbonate-dominated shelf, suggesting the interaction of allocyclic controls such as changing eustatic sea-level and climate.

In this paper different approaches to groundwater flow and its effect in the vicinity of a borehole ground heat exchanger are discussed. The common assumption that groundwater flow in hard rock may be modelled as a homogeneous flow in a medium with an effective porosity is confronted and models for heat transfer due to groundwater flow in fractures and fracture zones are presented especially from

Dramatic changes occur in skin as a function of age, including changes in morphology, physiology, and mechanical properties. Changes in extracellular matrix molecules also occur, and these changes likely contribute to the overall age-related changes in the physical properties of skin. The major proteoglycans detected in extracts of human skin are decorin and versican. In addition, adult human skin

Trichoderma reesei produces five known endoglucanases. The most studied are Cel7B (EG I) and Cel5A (EG II) which are the most abundant of the endoglucanases. We have performed a characterisation of the enzymatic properties of the less well-studied endoglucanases Cel12A (EG III), Cel45A (EG V) and the catalytic core of Cel45A. For comparison, Cel5A and Cel7B were included in the study. Adsorption s

The quasi-linear Maxwell equations describing electromagnetic wave propagation in nonlinear media permit several weak solutions, which may be discontinuous (shock waves). It is often conjectured that the solutions are unique if they satisfy an additional entropy condition. The entropy condition states that the energy contained in the electromagnetic fields is irreversibly dissipated to other energ