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What is drought? The scientific understanding of drought: the primary step towards resolving Iran's water crisis

Abstract in Uncoded languagesIn this article we discuss four basic approaches to characterising droughts namely meteorological, hydrological, agricultural, and socioeconomic. In the first three approaches, drought is defined and measured as a physical phenomenon primarily related to the precipitation shortfall. Socioeconomic drought, nonetheless, is described and determined as the 'supply' and 'de

Understanding refugee law in an enlarged European Union

The present article seeks to explore how asylum law is formed, transformed and reformed in Europe, what its effects are on state practice and refugee protection in the Baltic and Central European candidate countries, and what this process reveals about the framework used by scholars to understand the dynamics of international refugee law. Arguably, an exclusive focus on EU institutions and their d

Manufacturing costs as a decisionsupport in production developoment and relocation issues - a case study at a supplier to the automotive industry

This paper will present a case study at a Swedish subcontractor, were a performance driven manufacturing cost model is used to analyse different production development scenarios in relation to sourcing. The result shows that production performance in terms of downtime, speed rate and quality losses will have a significant impact on manufacturing costs. The cost model was used to obtain cost scenar

A Low-Complexity High-Throughput Soft-Output MIMO Decoder

A low-complexity soft-output decoding algorithm is proposed for MIMO detection. A VLSI architecture is further proposed to support high-throughput MIMO decoding. The simulation and implementation results show that the proposed algorithm and VLSI architecture can approach the performance of the conventional soft-output MIMO decoding algorithms with lower complexity and higher decoding throughput. T

Anionic and cationic block copolymers as durable electrolyte membranes

Durable block copolymers combining ionic and non-ionic blocks hold a great promise as membrane materials in next-generation fuel cells and batteries. With a proper macromolecular design, these copolymers self-assemble to form ordered nanostructures in which ion and water transport is facilitated over a wide range of conditions. For example, membranes based on sulfonated block copolymers typically

Impersonation: a phonetic case study of the imitation of a voice

In language acquisition it is important to imitate the native speakers of the language. For the young child it is natural to imitate both the language and the behaviour of the culture. Imitation, or adaptation (Markham 1997), is also useful in second language acquisition to learn how to pronounce the words and to learn the prosody of the language. For most people it is difficult to learn to speak