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Stora språkmodeller (LLM) har uppvisat anmärkningsvärda förmågor inom en rad olika uppgifter inom naturlig språkbehandling (NLP). Deras prestanda är dock mycket känslig för den inledande prompt som används för att fråga dem. Manuell promptkonstruktion, även om den är effektiv, är ofta tidskrävande och kräver betydande expertis. Denna avhandling undersöker promptoptimering, med fokus på en automatiLarge Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, their performance is highly sensitive to the input prompt used to query them. Manual prompt engineering, while effective, is often time-consuming and requires significant expertise. This thesis investigates Prompt Optimization, focusing on a closed-loop, automated

This study presents a mineralogical, textural and structural assessment of the Cambrian Faludden Sandstone Member (Borgholm Formation) and Lower Silurian mudstone (unspecified formation), for their potential use as reservoir and caprock, respectively, for deep carbon storage in the Swedish sector of the Baltic Sea subsurface. The study was performed on two drillcores from the island of Gotland, No

There is an expanding literature on the economic long-term effects of exogenous shocks such as armed conflict and economic crises. While some studies find evidence of poverty traps, the majority support the neoclassical prediction of eventual catch-up growth. This study contributes to the debate by examining Cambodia, which arguably became the most severely bombed country in history and site of on

Intangible assets are a cornerstone of the modern technological economy. Intellectual property (IP) provides incentives for continued scientific development through the protection of innovation and creativity. This technological development has allowed vast creations that solve daily challenges; nevertheless, as the negative externalities seen in the effects of anthropogenic climate change become

Vi använder dem varje dag utan att tänka på det. PFAS är kemikalier som finns i regnjackor, stekpannor, matförpackningar och till och med i brandskum. Problemet är att de inte bryts ner i naturen. De sprids i stället med vatten och kan till slut hamna i våra sjöar och i vårt dricksvatten. Och det är precis vad som händer i sjön Bolmen. Bolmen är inte vilken sjö som helst. Den är en av södra SverigPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of highly persistent synthetic chemicals that have raised growing concern due to their widespread presence in the environment and potential health effects. This study focuses on Lake Bolmen, one of southern Sweden’s most important sources of drinking water, and investigates how PFAS enter and accumulate in the lake. A total of 23 PFAS compound

The research analyzes the narratives of LGBTQ+ people who are in exile from Russia and examines how their experiences reflect broader security narratives within Russian politics. To carry out this study, this research draws upon interdisciplinary theories from political psychology, critical security studies, and queer theory, with a particular focus on Lacan's concept of fantasy along with the

This thesis investigates the application of machine learning and statistical methods for forecasting hourly public transport validations using ticket‐validation data. After cleaning and aggregating validations into hourly counts, temporal features such as hour of day, weekday, and month are engineered. The modeling approaches include long short‐term memory networks trained with mean absolute error

This thesis explores how dialogue functioned as a practice of knowledge circulation within the International Dialogue Project (1977–1988), an ambitious and largely overlooked initiative led by Anne Buttimer and Torsten Hägerstrand. Conceived as an effort to bridge generational, disciplinary, and geographic divides, the project produced over 150 video-recorded interviews with senior scholars from v

The product space conditions the process through which economies become complex and develop. Does it also condition aid effectiveness? This thesis examines the relationship between technical cooperation (TC) and economic complexity and brings a novel perspective by documenting that the complexity opportunity index (COI) significantly enhances the association. Employing fixed effects panel regressi

Denna studie undersöker om maskininlärning kan användas för att förbättra bedömningen av rehabiliteringsövningar. Resultatet visade att metoden har potential, men att det krävs ytterligare studier för att utveckla en användbar lösning. Rehabiliteringsövningar är en viktig del av återhämtningen från skador och för att den ska bli korrekt krävs hjälp från en fysioterapeut. Fysioterapeuten guidar paRehabilitation exercises are essential for recovery from many injuries, and their practice is guided by physical therapists in order to avoid the risk of further damage. The physical therapists have limited tools for conducting a quantified assessment of movement quality and this study investigates whether machine learning could be used to improve that process. A way to assess movement is to analy

Introduction: Cancer is classified into several stages, being more difficult to cure in later stages. Thus, early detection is important. This project aims to help the development of a non-invasive method for early cancer detection using hair samples. Background: Isotopes are known to leave a temporary and geographical signature in different samples. Capillon Analytics AB uses isotopes to detect c

Detta examensarbete undersöker hur 3DCityDB kan användas som leveransdatabas för 3D-geodata inom ramen för det nationella projektet 3CIM, med särskilt fokus på Malmö stad. 3CIM är ett samarbetsprojekt mellan Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö stad samt Lunds universitet, med målet att utveckla en enhetlig modell för 3D-stadsmodeller. Examensarbetet syftar till att utvärdera förutsättningarna för att stThis thesis investigates the use of 3DCityDB as a delivery database for 3D-geodata within the framework of the swedish national 3CIM-project, with a focus on Malmö municipality. 3CIM is a collaborative project between the cities of Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö, as well as Lund University, with the goal of developing a unified model for 3D city models. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the s

The rise of the internet, social media, and populist leaders in recent years has turned attention towards conspiracy theories, making them appear as phenomena which are becoming increasingly widespread. Although conspiracy beliefs have not necessarily increased over time, their growing visibility has emphasized the negative consequences associated with belief in them, such as heightened political

This master thesis investigates how a manufacturing company develops and implements packaging solutions for sustainable development, using ASSA ABLOY as a case study. Focusing on the sliding door operator produced at a manufacturing plant in Eastern Europe, the study explores the environmental and economic impacts of packaging throughout its life cycle and the internal packaging innovation process

The Azerbaijani city of Shusha stands out as an exemplary place for reconstruction based on the principles of sustainable development in the post-conflict era. This research examines the city of Shusha’s aim of building a sustainable city model from scratch and focuses on two major directions: the transition to solar-based systems in the city’s energy supply and the establishment of a clean transp

I den här studien undersöks hur fem musiklärare som är, eller har varit, verksamma i anpassad grundskola beskriver hur de arbetar med musikalisk kunskapsutveckling, delaktighet och måluppfyllelse. Undersökningen baseras på semistrukturerade intervjuer och hela arbetet vilar på socialkonstruktivismen som vetenskapsteori. Ämnesvalet grundar sig i en nyfikenhet kring hur vi som framtida lärare kan arThis study investigates how five music teachers that are, or have been, working in Swedish compulsory school for pupils with intellectual disabilities describe how they are working with development of musical knowledge, inclusion and goal attainment. The study is conducted by using semistructured interviews and is grounded in social constructivism as its scientific theoretical framework. The selec

This thesis explores how electroencephalography (EEG) can be combined with virtual reality (VR) to study people’s responses during emergency evacuation scenarios. This is demonstrated through a pilot study in which people are exposed to different types of alarm: visual (flashing lights) and auditory (alarm sounds), while their cognitive load and behavioral response are observed. A VR fire evacuat

This thesis explores how young Swedish men experience and make sense of depression and the use of antidepressants. It examines whether they perceive their diagnosis of depression and subsequent treatment with antidepressants as appropriate or problematic. The research critically engages with the biomedical model in psychiatric practice, emphasizing the tension between standardized diagnostic frame

Studien har strävat efter att utvärdera och undersöka det AI-baserade verktyget “TalkToAlba” (förkortas Alba) som ett hjälpmedel för vårdgivare inom psykisk hälsovård i behandling av patienter. Alba är ett multifacetterat verktyg som kan utföra kliniska intervjuer med patienter, ge förslag på diagnoser, föra journal samt tillhandahålla en plan för kognitiv beteendeterapi. En vårdgivare har haft möThe aspiration of this study has been to examine and evaluate the artificial intelligence tool “TalkToAlba” (Alba for short) as an aid for caregivers in mental health in their treatment of patients. Alba is a multifaceted tool that can conduct clinical interviews with patients, provide AI-based suggestions of diagnoses, keep journal entries and provide a plan for cognitive behavioral therapy. One

This thesis investigates the online “Egypt vs. Masr” trend as an entry point to studying socio-economic disparities and spatial divides in urban Cairo. Drawing on ideas of Pierre Bourdieu and Mike Bailey’s ‘utopia of exclusion’ as criticism of neoliberalism, it aims to make sense of this trend and how it relates to the proliferation of Cairo’s upscale urban developments. As such, this thesis is en